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1.
D. C. Peets R. Liang C. Stock W. J. L. Buyers Z. Tun L. Taillefer R. J. Birgeneau D. A. Bonn W. N. Hardy 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2002,15(6):531-534
We have grown cubic centimeter-size crystals of YBa2Cu3O x suitable for neutron studies, by a top-seeded melt-growth technique. Growth conditions were optimized with an eye toward maximizing phase purity. It was found that the addition of 2% Y2BaCuO5 and 0.5% Pt (by mass) were required to prevent melt loss and to obtain the highest crystallinity. A neutron diffraction study on a mosaic of six such crystals found that the final Y2BaCuO5 concentration was 5%, while other impurity phases comprised less than 1% by volume. The oxygen content was set to x = 6.5, the crystals were detwinned, and then carefully annealed to give the well-ordered ortho-II phase. The neutron study determined that 70% of the mosaic's volume was in the majority orthorhomic domain. The neutron (006) and (110) rocking curve widths were ~1° per crystal and ~2.2° for the mosaic, and the oxygen chain correlation lengths were >100 Å in the a- and b-directions and ~50 Å in the c-direction. 相似文献
2.
The latest developments and in particular important synthetic aspects for the preparation of modern poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) (PS‐DVB) based liquid chromatography (LC) supports are reviewed. In this context, the chemistry of particular porous and nonporous, functionalized, monolithic, coated silica and more specialized mixed organic PS‐DVB media is covered. Special consideration is given to modern approaches such as micro‐(μ)‐HPLC and coating techniques and their most important applications. Synthetic particularities relevant to the corresponding applications are outlined. 相似文献
3.
Aard J. Groen Petra C. De WeerdNederhof Inge C. Kerssensvan Drongelen Rob A.J. Badoux Gerard P.H. Olthuis 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2002,11(1):2-16
In this paper we describe a framework for analysing the creation and justification of Research & Development. The 4S framework is developed for analysing the scope, scale, skills and social network aspects of Research & Development value. The framework is based on social system theory, a process contingency model, and recent Research & Development metrics. We present a first empirical assessment based on a workshop using the 4S framework for leveraging Research & Development. Results that assist in the assessment of value creation utilising R & D within networks are very relevant in high tech industries. The multi–dimensional process approach of this framework seems promising for understanding and managing R&D value creation, but needs further operationalisation. Case studies are described and a Dutch network on leveraging R&D has been initiated. 相似文献
4.
5.
G. L. Chen C. Guyon Z. X. Zhang B. Da Silva P. Da Costa S. Ognier D. Bonn M. Tatoulian 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2014,16(1-2):141-148
In this paper, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) catalyst was coated on the polydimethylsiloxane microchannel by the plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology. The obtained Co3O4 film was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, and TEM, and the results show that the as-deposited Co3O4 film was initially composed of many cauliflowers-shaped microclusters. Also, the microcauliflower was transformed from an amorphous phase to a crystal phase when the Co3O4 film was treated by Ar and O2 plasma for more than 20 min, and the crystal lattice line occurred on the surface of nano-sized-Co3O4 particles. Meanwhile, the interface of Co3O4 particles with diameter between 3 and 12 nm became obvious and some nano-catkin structures were also formed on the Co3O4 film. The ratio of Co3+/Co2+ in the spinel-type Co3O4 was nearly 2, and the nano-particles predominantly expose their {311}, {111}, and {220} planes. These morphologies and structure characteristics were found to be ideal for increasing the catalytic activity efficiency of Co3O4 for CO oxidation, and the catalytic stability of Co3O4 coated on the organic microreactor lasted nearly 85 h for trace CO oxidation at room temperature. 相似文献
6.
Huong Thi Le Inge D Brouwer Jan Burema Khan Cong Nguyen Frans J Kok 《Nutrition journal》2006,5(1):1-8
Background
Parents of six children are facing a trial on charges of aggravated manslaughter in the care a 5 1/2 month old infant who died suddenly and neglect of their four older children for causing them to be malnourished by feeding them all an exclusively raw foods vegan diet. Both parents declined plea bargains and plan to defend themselves in court. 相似文献7.
Simon Stisen Inge Sandholt Anette Nørgaard Rasmus Fensholt Karsten Høgh Jensen 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(3):1242-1255
Spatially distributed estimates of evaporative fraction and actual evapotranspiration are pursued using a simple remote sensing technique based on a remotely sensed vegetation index (NDVI) and diurnal changes in land surface temperature. The technique, known as the triangle method, is improved by utilizing the high temporal resolution of the geostationary MSG-SEVIRI sensor. With 15 min acquisition intervals, the MSG-SEVIRI data allow for a precise estimation of the morning rise in land surface temperature which is a strong proxy for total daytime sensible heat fluxes. Combining the diurnal change in surface temperature, dTs with an interpretation of the triangular shaped dTs − NDVI space allows for a direct estimation of evaporative fraction. The mean daytime energy available for evapotranspiration (Rn − G) is estimated using several remote sensors and limited ancillary data. Finally regional estimates of actual evapotranspiration are made by combining evaporative fraction and available energy estimates. The estimated evaporative fraction (EF) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) for the Senegal River basin have been validated against field observations for the rainy season 2005. The validation results showed low biases and RMSE and R2 of 0.13 [−] and 0.63 for EF and RMSE of 41.45 W m− 2 and R2 of 0.66 for ET. 相似文献
8.
Simon Richard Proud Mads Olander Rasmussen Inge Sandholt Wycliffe Mutero Assaf Anyamba 《Remote sensing of environment》2010,114(8):1687-1698
In order to obtain high quality data, the correction of atmospheric perturbations acting upon land surface reflectance measurements recorded by a space-based sensor is an important topic within remote sensing. For many years the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer model and the Simplified Method for Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) codes have been used for this atmospheric correction, but previous studies have shown that in a number of situations the quality of correction provided by the SMAC is low. This paper describes a method designed to improve the quality of the SMAC atmospheric correction algorithm through a slight increase in its computational complexity. Data gathered from the SEVIRI aboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) is used to validate the additions to SMAC, both by comparison to simulated data corrected using the highly accurate 6S method and by comparison to in-situ and 6S corrected SEVIRI data gathered for two field sites in Africa. The additions to the SMAC are found to greatly increase the quality of atmospheric correction performed, as well as broaden the range of atmospheric conditions under which the SMAC can be applied. When examining the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the relative difference between SMAC and in-situ values decreases by 1.5% with the improvements in place. Similarly, the mean relative difference between SMAC and 6S reflectance values decreases by a mean of 13, 14.5 and 8.5% for Channels 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Furthermore, the processing speed of the SMAC is found to remain largely unaffected, with only a small increase in the time taken to process a full SEVIRI scene. Whilst the method described within this paper is only applicable to SEVIRI data, a similar approach can be applied to other data sources than SEVIRI, and should result in a similar accuracy improvement no matter which instrument supplies the original data. 相似文献
9.
Inge van de Weerd Sjaak Brinkkemper Johan Versendaal 《Information and Software Technology》2010,52(7):720-732
Company growth in a global setting causes challenges in the adaptation and maintenance of an organization’s methods. In this paper, we will analyze incremental method evolution in software product management in a global environment. We validate a method increment approach, based on method engineering principles, by applying it to a retrospective case study conducted at a large ERP vendor. The results show that the method increment types cover all increments that were found in the case study. Also, we identified the following lessons learned for company growth in a global software product management context: method increment drivers, such as the change of business strategy, vary during evolution; a shared infrastructure is critical for rollout; small increments facilitate gradual process improvement; and global involvement is critical. We then claim that method increments enable software companies to accommodate evolutionary adaptations of development process in agreement with the overall company expansion. 相似文献
10.
Air temperature estimation with MSG-SEVIRI data: Calibration and validation of the TVX algorithm for the Iberian Peninsula 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Air temperature can be estimated from remote sensing by combining information in thermal infrared and optical wavelengths. The empirical TVX algorithm is based on an estimated linear relationship between observed Land Surface Temperature (LST) and a Spectral Vegetation Index (NDVI). Air temperature is assumed to be equal to the LST corresponding to the effective full vegetation cover, and is found by extrapolating the line to a maximum value of NDVImax. The algorithm has been tested and reported in the literature previously. However, the effect of vegetation types and climates and the potential variation in NDVI of the effective full cover has not been subject for investigation. The present study proposes a novel methodology to estimate NDVImax that uses observed air temperature to calibrate the NDVImax for each vegetation type. To assess the validity of this methodology, we have compared the accuracy of estimates using the new NDVImax and the previous NDVImax that have been proposed in literature with MSG-SEVIRI images in Spain during the year 2005. In addition, a spatio-temporal assessment of residuals has been performed to evaluate the accuracy of retrievals in terms of daily and seasonal variation, land cover, landscape heterogeneity and topography. Results showed that the new calibrated NDVImax perform well, with a Mean Absolute Error ranging between 2.8 °C and 4 °C. In addition, vegetation-specific NDVImax improve the accuracy compared with a unique NDVImax. 相似文献