Anionic Conduction in Lead Halosilicate Glasses

Electrical conductivity due to halide ions has been measured for the glasses in the system 30SiO₂· (70 − x )PbO · x PbX₂ (0 < x < 17.2 mol%; X = F, Cl). The conductivity increases with x by several orders of magnitude for both series of glasses. The contribution of principal factors to the conductivity has been examined. The analysis of the activation energy on the basis of the Anderson-Stuart model shows that the strain energy is a predominant term in the Cl glasses, while both the strain energy and the electrostatic energy have a comparable contribution in the F glasses. The decrease in the activation energy with increasing PbX₂ content is related to the decrease in the shear modulus for the Cl glasses and to the increase in the permittivity for the F glasses.     

Technical foundations of TANDEM-STRAIGHT,a speech analysis,modification and synthesis framework

This article presents comprehensive technical information about STRAIGHT and TANDEM-STRAIGHT, a widely used speech modification tool and its successor. They share the same concept: the periodic excitation found in voiced sounds is an efficient mechanism for transmitting underlying smooth time–frequency representation. The tools are also based on the perceptual equivalence of two sets of independent Gaussian random signals. This equivalence makes it possible to discard input phase information intentionally and enables flexible manipulation of parameters.     

醋酸菌对C57BL/6J小鼠的酒精性肝损伤的影响研究

该文针对摄入醋酸菌对于酒精性肝损伤的影响进行了评价。将C57BL/6J小鼠（8周龄,雄性,22～27 g）分为对照组（非乙醇给药组）、乙醇组（给予2.5 g/kg乙醇）、乙醇+醋酸菌组（给予2.5 g/kg乙醇+10 mg醋酸菌）,分别每天给药3次,连续经口给药14 d,测定了血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及肝脏油脂浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比较,乙醇组小鼠的AST与ALT浓度,肝脏甘油三酯与胆固醇浓度显著增高（P＜0.05）;乙醇+醋酸菌组的数值则显著低于乙醇组（P＜0.05）。以上结果表明,摄入醋酸菌有可能会减轻酒精性肝损伤。     

Crystallographic Analysis of the Cubic-to-Tetragonal Phase Transformation in the ZrO2-Y2O3 System

The crystallography of diffusion-induced and diffusionless cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformations in the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ system is examined on the basis of the phenomenological crystallographic theory by adopting the lsqb;011rsqb; (0 1 1) twinning system as the lattice invariant deformation system. Numerical calculation indicates that the principal axes of the cubic phase are not exactly parallel to those of the tetragonal phase and that the habit plane orientation is sensitive to the lattice parameters of the cubic and tetragonal phases. The calculated results are compared with the observed crystallography of the tetragonal precipitates formed by diffusion and of the metastable tetragonal phase formed in a diffusionless manner. In many aspects, the present results were in good agreement with experimental observations. In particular, the crystallography and morphology of the so-called "herringbone" structure are very well explained by the present analysis.     

Chemical Characterization of Sardine Meat Powder Produced by Dehydration with High Osmotic Pressure Resin and Defatting with High Pressure Carbon Dioxide

Oils and fishy odor were extracted from the minced sardine meat with liquid carbon dioxide after dehydration with high osmotic pressure resin. This treatment resulted in higher quality minced sardine meat usable as “Surimi.” The lipids of the minced sardine meat defatted with liquid carbon dioxide was half that of undefatted meats; residual lipids were mainly composed of polar lipids such as phospholipids. Although soluble nitrogen and ATPase activity in sardine meat were decreased by dehydration and defatting, the Kamaboko-forming ability was present, and its flavor was improved after defatting. Moreover, sardine meat defatted with liquid carbon dioxide had good stability against protein deterioration and lipid peroxidation.     

Preparation of fine powders with perovskite structure from metal alkoxides

The preparation of perovskite powders was investigated by the metal alkoxide methods. The complex alkoxide as a precursor was hydrolysed under specific conditions, and submicrometre powders of perovskite compounds differing in composition, BaTiO3, Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3, PbTiO3, and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3, could be obtained. The simultaneous use of a dipolar aprotic solvent, such as acetone, etc., with ethanol was found to be effective for the preparation of the spherical or nearly spherical powders with submicrometre diameter. The submicrometre powders were formed through nucleation–aggregation, but not by the usual nucleation–grain growth. Such powder formation, and the affinity of the solvent for the diffusion layer surrounding the colloidal particle, are important. The powders obtained here could be crystallized to the desired crystalline phase at lower temperatures.     

Odor Components of Human Breath After the Ingestion of Grated Raw Garlic

The major odor components of finely grated, raw garlic in the air of the human mouth have been studied. Immediately after garlic ingestion, tests of the mouth air of six subjects revealed two major peaks that were positively identified as being allyl mercaptan and diallyl disulfide; these findings are based on an evaluation of the fragment patterns of a GC-MS analysis and from the actual retention times of these authentic compounds. The allyl mercaptan level was higher than the level of diallyl disulfide, although both compounds smell like garlic. Our results suggest that after garlic ingestion, allyl mercaptan is the major garlic-smelling compound in human mouth air, and diallyl disulfide is secondary.     

Calculation of radiation from a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode

We propose a method to calculate the radiation characteristics of a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode called Vlasov's antenna. Correction of the shape of the reflector, which was a parabolic cylinder in the original paper by Vlasov et al. (1975), is performed using wave-normal rays. The radiation field is calculated by means of an image source which is obtained with the geometrical optics. Some numerical results show that the radiated beam is gaussian-like in far zone. A scheme of high-power application (500kW, 106·4GHz, TE_12,2) to a beam transmission system is also presented     

SOL-GEL PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIFERROIC BiFeO3 THIN FILMS WITH VARIOUS BI/FE RATIO

ABSTRACT

BiFeO₃ thin films have been prepared on Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si substrates by sol-gel method using precursor solutions of various elemental ratio (Bi:Fe = 1.1:1.0, 1.0:1.0, and 1.0:1.1). The θ < eqid2 > 2θ scan XRD patterns show all the films consist mainly of polycrystalline perovskite and the crystallinity of Bi:Fe = 1.1:1.0 is better than the others. SEM and AFM images show all BiFeO₃ film have rosette structures, which consist of perovskite phase and matrix phase. The leakage current density measured at the temperature of 80 K is lower than 10^?4 A/cm² in all the films when the electric field reaches 1.6 MV/cm. The leakage mechanism of BiFeO₃ thin film is dominated by Schottky conduction at 80 K. At 80 K, the remanent polarizations at maximum applied voltage of 2.8 MV/cm are 100, 49, and 44 μC/cm² for the ratio of Bi:Fe = 1.1:1.0, 1.0:1.0, and 1.0:1.1, respectively. The saturated magnetization of BiFeO₃ thin films at 80 K were found to be 14, 22.5, 15 emu/cm³ for the ratio of Bi:Fe = 1.1:1.0, 1.0:1.0, and 1.0:1.1, respectively. Among these ratio, BiFeO₃ thin film deposited from precursor of Bi:Fe = 1. 1:1.0 gives the best ferroelectric property.     

A Highly-Sensitive Ba(Ti1—xSnx)O3 Thin Film Dielectric Bolometer for Uncooled IR Sensor

Ba(Ti_1—xSn_x)O₃ (BTS) ferroelectric thin films have been prepared by metal-organic decomposition method whose final annealing temperature was optimized to 700°C for dielectric bolometer. High temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (TCD) of 1–3%/K and low dielectric loss of 0.04 have been obtained in x = 0.15 and 0.17. Field-induced pyroelectricity of the BTS film was calculated to be an excellent value as high as 750 nC/cm²K. A series of dependence of DB output level were examined on important operation factors. The DB output level was increased when the period of supply voltage waveform is longer than both the electrical and thermal time constant of the DB detector. Finally, a stable infrared detection at temperature lower than 30°C was confirmed.