Improvement of Color and Lipid Stability in Beef Longissimus with Dietary Vitamin E and Vitamin C Dip Treatment

The effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation and vitamin C dip treatment on color and lipid stability in longissimus muscle from Holstein and crossbred beef steers were studied during 16 days of display at 4°C. Dietary vitamin E supplementation retarded metmyoglobin formation of the meat and highly suppressed lipid oxidation compared to the control. Holstein longissimus showed higher metmyoglobin formation than crossbred beef longissimus. Dip treatment with a vitamin C solution was effective in maintaining stability of beef color and lipid.     

Induction of adaptive response <i>in utero </i>by ionizing radiation: A radiation quality dependent phenomenon

Investigation on possible induction of adaptive response (AR) by high-liner energy transfer (LET) particle radiation for protection against low-LET photon radiation-induced detrimental effects has not yet been performed in utero. This study verified if an AR could be induced by high-LET particle radiation from accelerated heavy ions against low-LET X-ray radiation-induced detrimental effects on fetal mice. Total body irradiation of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were performed by delivering a priming dose ranging from 10 mGy to 320 mGy of particle radiation on gestation day 11 followed one day later by a challenge dose at 3500 mGy from X-ray radiation. The monoenergetic beams of carbon, silicon and iron with the LET values of about 15, 55, and 200 KeV/μm, respectively, were examined. Significant suppression by the priming radiation of the detrimental effects (fetal death, malformation, or low body weight) was used as the endpoints for judgment of a successful AR induction on gestation day 18. Existence of AR was not observed. On the other hand, the priming dose of high-LET particle radiation, in some cases, even increased the detrimental effects induced by the challenge dose from low-LET X-ray radiation. Although existence of AR induced by high-LET radiation in cultured mammalian cells in vitro and in certain tissues of laboratory mice in vivo was demonstrated, the present study did not suggest that low dose of high-LET particle radiation could induce an AR in fetal mice in utero under the setup of our experimental system.     

A Three‐Position Swing Electromagnetic Actuator with an Integrated Eddy Current Brake for Suppression of the Operating Time and Improvement of the Stopping Accuracy

A closed‐loop control system is commonly used in electromagnetic actuators to ensure operating performance. However, this system frequently leads to high costs. We developed a swing electromagnetic actuator with an integrated eddy current brake to reduce the operating time and improve the stopping accuracy. The developed actuator is a three‐position cylindrical actuator moving within a ±120º angle without closed‐loop control. The rotor is composed of a bulk and thin metal laminations and the stator has three sets of pairs of coils. The rotor is stopped at an intermediate position by magnetic force generated by the coils. This paper describes the electromagnetic design and its evaluation by using an FEM simulation to predict its operating characteristics and measure its performance on a test bench. The superiority of our actuator design is verified by comparing these measurements. The operating time is reduced to one‐sixth of that of a laminated rotor and the over travel is compressed to zero. In addition, this actuator has the advantage that it is electrically robust against variations in the power supply.     

KINETICS AND HYDROLYSIS PARAMETERS OF TOTAL FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES OF ONION BULBS: EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES AND CULTIVARS

This work studied the percentage of hydrolysis, observed hydrolysis rate constant (k_obs), half‐life time (t_1/2) and kinetics of degradation of the total fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of three different onion bulb cultivars (Yellow Spanish, Red Amposta and Tenshin) kept during 6 months under three temperature regimes, 10, 15 and 20C. The percentage of hydrolysis of FOS was higher at 20C than at 10C and ranged from 47 to 58% at 10C, from 63 to 68% at 15C and from 74 to 83% at 20C. The k_obs ranged from 27 × 10^?3 to 36 × 10^?3/week at 10C and from 41 × 10^?3/week to 47 × 10^?3/week at 15C, while at 20C, it was high and was about k_obs 56 × 10^?3/week.. The t_1/2 decreased when temperature increased, and varied from 19.5 to 26.0 weeks at 10C, from 14.6 to 16.8 weeks at 15C and from 9.4 to 12.3 weeks at 20C, indicating that high degree of polymerization (DP) FOS have shorter lives than low DP FOS. Linear regression and kinetics of hydrolysis have shown that FOS hydrolysis is higher at 20C, with a coefficient of regression ranging between 0.87 and 0.99. Apparently, FOS hydrolysis is temperature independent, and storage time had more effect on the higher DP FOS than on the lower DP FOS.     

Clostridium perfringens in Dehydrated Soups and Sauces

SUMMARY– Fifty-five samples of nationally advertised dehydrated sauce and gravy mixes, soup mixes, spaghetti sauce mixes, and cheese sauce mixes were examined for the presence of Clostridium perfringens. The organism was found in 18.2% of the samples. Spaghetti sauce mixes had the highest incidence of C. perfringens and the soup mixes had the lowest incidence. One strain possessed heat-resistant spores that were able to withstand boiling at 97.4°C for one hour prior to isolation. The presence of preservatives in the food products did not influence the presence of C. perfringens in these food preparations. No common ingredient was detected as the source of contamination. The general presence of this organism in dehydrated soups and sauces may have epidemiological significance in C. perfringens food poisoning, especially since these products are exposed to short besting periods.     

钢中MnS对BN析出行为的影响

采用α粒子径迹法和电子显微镜研究了含微量硼的低碳钢中MnS对BN析出行为的影响。结果表明,当加热温度低于1150℃时,BN多以球状的MnS为结晶核心在其周围析出,呈MnS+BN复合体形态;当加热温度超过1150℃时,未固溶的MnS大部分由球形变成多面体形,这种形状的MnS已失去BN结晶核心的作用。除了呈MnS+BN复合体存在的BN外,也有单体的BN,随着温度的提高和保温时间的延长,其尺寸变大,形貌各异。     

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION AND CORRELATION OF WEIGHT-FRACTION HENRY'S CONSTANTS FOR HYDROCARBON GASES AND VAPORS IN MOLTEN POLYMERS

In the polymer industry, separation equipment is required to separate unreacted monomers and solvents from polymers. In order to design such equipments, solubilities of gases and vapors in molten polymers are needed as fundamental data. It is very helpful if the weight-fraction Henry's constant, which gives solubilities of a solute at concentrated regions of a polymer, can be estimated by a predictive method.

In the present study, a new expression for the free volume term has been derived and is coupled with the UNIFAC model. The present UNIFAC-FV model was applied to common polymer systems. The weight-fraction Henry's constants were calculated for several volatile hydrocarbons and the calculated results were compared with the experimental data determined by a gas chromatographic technique.

The present UNIFAC-FV model with a new free volume expression was found to be helpful in predicting the weight-fraction Henry's constants of hydrocarbon solutes in molten polystyrene, in polypropylene, and in low-density polyethylene. It is advantageous that our model is applicable both supercritical gases and subcritical vapors with no adjustable parameters.     

Development of Tri‐Stable Rotary Solenoid Actuator

We have designed and developed a tri‐stable rotary solenoid actuator, which has a simple structure and simple operation. The plunger has two stabilities at the extreme positions along an angular stroke and the third stability at the center of it. The third has been successively achieved by using the electromagnetic restoring torque, which is designed to be larger than the inertia torque. The dynamic characteristics were determined by utilizing an optimal design program that is specially constructed based on the response surface method in order to design the coil winding and the power supply for the coil excitation. A prototype solenoid was constructed and used to verify the tri‐stable motions and accuracy of the previously constructed design program.     

Chrome free surface treatments for galvanized steels—present and future

As the galvanized steels used for electrical and office appliances has achieved a complete chrome-free production worldwide,surface treatment technologies have entered a new phase of development.Grenter effort will be made in exploring new frontier for future surface treatment technologies.A greater contribution will be made for environmental protection,energy-saving and resource-saving,to prevent globalwarming.