Improvement of emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting devices based on phosphorescent polymers

We report improvement of emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) employing phosphorescent polymers. A hole-blocking layer was inserted between the emissive layer and the cathode to enhance recombination efficiency for the injected holes and electrons. Aluminum(III)bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolato (BAlq) was used for the hole-blocking layer. The resultant PLEDs exhibited significant improvement of emission efficiency. The respective external quantum efficiencies for red, green and blue PLEDs were 6.6, 11 and 6.9%. These values are very high compared with those based on conventional fluorescent polymers.     

High density recording with perpendicular Co-Cr-Nb media and ring heads

Effective double layer structure was investigated by adding Nb to the sputtering source of Co-Cr thin film perpendicular magnetic recording tapes. The output from the tapes was measured with a ring head through to the short wavelength, λ50=0.19 μm (D50=267KFRPI).     

Recovery retardation in equal channel angular pressed Al–Zr alloy during friction stir welding

The effect of Zr on reduction of hardness and microstructure in an FS weld of equal channel angular-pressed Al alloy was investigated. Zr addition to Al suppressed dynamic recovery in the thermomechanically affected zone and enabled retention of the high hardness of the ECA-pressed material throughout the weld.     

IMPINGING JET DRYER

In coating and gravure printing, an impinging jet nozzle with high thermal efficiency for drying of coated film was developed.

Trial production 0f 40 kinds of nozzle enables to develop a high-performance impinging jet nozzle with heat transfer coefficient 1.5 times larger than that of current slit nozzle, through measurement of heat transfer coefficient, visualizations of air flow and heat transfer, and measuremenu of jet velocity and turbulence distribution. The purpose of the trial production was to expand a range of high heat transfer and promote turbulence compared with the current nozzle.

Paying attention to mass transfer within gravure ink coated film, drying characteristic of the film was analyzed by numerical solution of a set of equations governing the drying process in which concentration dependencies 0f the diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium vapor pressure were considered.

Applying these analyses. an industrial scale dryer with excellent drying efficiency has finally been developed.     

Effects of Particle Size of Bulk Drug and food on the Bioavailability of U-78875 in Dogs

The effects of particle size and food on the absolute bioavailability of U-78875 in dogs after oral administration of either a suspension or tablet dosage form were investigated. A reduction of particle size caused a significant increase in bioavailability along with an increase in dissolution rate. Additionally, both suspension and tablet dosage forms administered after food caused an increase in bioavailability. Thus, to accelerate drug dissolution, a reduction of U-78875 particle size from the unmilled state is important for the optimization of formulation compositions. To increase the bioavailability of U-78875, postprandial dosing should be considered.     

Generalized theorems on relationships among reducibility notions to certain complexity classes

In this paper we give several generalized theorems concerning reducibility notions to certain complexity classes. We study classes that are either (I) closed under NP many-one reductions and polynomial-time conjunctive reductions or (II) closed under coNP many-one reductions and polynomial-time disjunctive reductions. We prove that, for such a classK, (1) reducibility notions of sets toK under polynomial-time constant-round truth-table reducibility, polynomial-time log-Turing reducibility, logspace constant-round truth-table reducibility, logspace log-Turing reducibility, and logspace Turing reducibility are all equivalent and (2) every set that is polynomial-time positive Turing reducible to a set inK is already inK.From these results, we derive some observations on the reducibility notions to C₌P and NP.     

Extraction and implementation of muscle synergies in neuro-mechanical control of upper limb movement

This work faces the redundancy problem, a central concern in robotics, in a particular force-producing task by using muscle synergies to simplify the control. We extracted muscle synergies from human electromyograph signals and interpreted the physical meaning of the identified muscle synergies. Based on the human analysis results, we hypothesized a novel control framework that can explain the mechanism of the human motor control. The framework was tested in controlling a pneumatic-driven robotic arm to perform a reaching task. This control method, which uses only two synergies as manipulated variables for driving antagonistic pneumatic artificial muscles to generate desired movements, would be useful to deal with the redundancy problem; thus, suggesting a simple but efficient control for human-like robots to work safely and compliantly with humans.     

Fabrication of 5.8‐in. OTFT‐driven flexible color AMOLED display using dual protection scheme for organic semiconductor patterning

Abstract— A 5.8‐in. wide‐QQVGA flexible color active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) display consisting of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) and phosphorescent OLEDs was fabricated on a plastic film. To reduce the operating voltage of the OTFTs, Ta₂O₅ with a high dielectric constant was employed as a gate insulator. Pentacene was used for the semiconductor layer of the OTFTs. This layer was patterned by photolithography and dry‐etched using a dual protection layer of poly p‐xylylene and SiO₂ film. Uniform transistor performance was achieved in the OTFT backplane with QQVGA pixels. The RGB emission layers of the pixels were formed by vacuum deposition of phosphorescent small molecules. The resulting display could clearly show color moving images even when it was bent and operated at a low driving voltage (below 15 V).     

Space-efficient recognition of sparse self-reducible languages

Mahaney and others have shown that sparse self-reducible sets have time-efficient algorithms, and have concluded that it is unlikely that NP has sparse complete sets. Mahaney's work, intuition, and a 1978 conjecture of Hartmanis notwithstanding, nothing has been known about the density of complete sets for feasible classes until now. This paper shows that sparse self-reducible sets have space-efficient algorithms, and in many cases, even have time-space-efficient algorithms. We conclude that NL, NC ^k , AC ^k , LOG(DCFL), LOG(CFL), and P lack complete (or even Turing-hard) sets of low density unless implausible complexity class inclusions hold. In particular, if NL (respectively P, _k , or NP) has a polylog-sparse logspace-hard set, then NLSC (respectively PSC, _k , or PHSC), and if P has subpolynomially sparse logspace-hard sets, then PPSPACE.