排序方式: 共有58条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We investigate the error probability bit error rate (BER) of minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation with differential detection in a two-path fading channel without noise (error floor). We develop a new method for the computation of the BER: we show that errors occur if the phasors of the instantaneous impulse response fall into certain regions of the complex plane; then we average over the statistics of the phasors to arrive at the mean BER. With this method, we derive analytical expressions for the BER for arbitrary amplitude statistics of the paths. For the special case of two Rayleigh-fading paths with small delay, we find that the BER is proportional to the square of the mean delay spread (normalized to the bit length) if we sample between the two pulses. This proves the qualitative behavior of previous estimates, but our results allow also a more exact quantitative formulation. The quadratic dependence of the BER on the delay spread breaks down if we have one Rayleigh-fading and one Rician-fading path. We find that the bit combinations 1-11 and -11-1 do not lead to errors in the two-path model. However, additional Monte Carlo simulations show that these bit combinations do lead to errors in a three-path model 相似文献
2.
Statistical characterization of urban spatial radio channels 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Toeltsch M. Laurila J. Kalliola K. Molisch A.F. Vainikainen P. Bonek E. 《Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on》2002,20(3):539-549
We present a statistical analysis of wideband three-dimensional channel measurements at base station locations in an urban environment. Plots of the received energy over azimuth, elevation, and delay planes suggest that the incident waves group to clusters in most measured transmitter positions. A super-resolution algorithm (Unitary ESPRIT) allows one to resolve individual multipath components in such clusters and hence enables a detailed statistical analysis of the propagation properties. The origins of clusters-sometimes even individual multipath components-such as street apertures, large buildings, roof edges, or building corners can be localized on the city map. Street guided propagation dominates most of the scenarios (78%-97% of the total received power), while quasi-line-of-sight over-the-rooftop components are weak(3%-13% of the total received power). For this measurement campaign, in 90% of the cases, 75% of the total received power is concentrated in the two strongest clusters, but only 55% in the strongest one. Our analysis yields an exponential decay of power with 8.9 dB/μs, and a standard deviation of the log-normally distributed deviations from the exponential of 9.0 dB. The power of cross-polarized components is 8 dB below copolarized ones on average (vertical transmission) 相似文献
3.
Localization via ultra-wideband radios: a look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gezici S. Zhi Tian Giannakis G.B. Kobayashi H. Molisch A.F. Poor H.V. Sahinoglu Z. 《Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE》2005,22(4):70-84
UWB technology provides an excellent means for wireless positioning due to its high resolution capability in the time domain. Its ability to resolve multipath components makes it possible to obtain accurate location estimates without the need for complex estimation algorithms. In this article, theoretical limits for TOA estimation and TOA-based location estimation for UWB systems have been considered. Due to the complexity of the optimal schemes, suboptimal but practical alternatives have been emphasized. Performance limits for hybrid TOA/SS and TDOA/SS schemes have also been considered. Although the fundamental mechanisms for localization, including AOA-, TOA-, TDOA-, and SS-based methods, apply to all radio air interface, some positioning techniques are favored by UWB-based systems using ultrawide bandwidths. 相似文献
4.
The Wiener-Hopf technique is used to compute the electrostatic field distribution in an interdigital transducer at the plane interface between two dielectric media sandwiched between two grounded metallic plates, with two grounded semi-infinite neighboring plates at the interface on each side of the transducer. To this end, the associated Green's function, which already satisfies the boundary conditions at all the grounded plates, is computed. The Green's function is used to derive the elements of the charge-potential-interrelation matrix for various basis and testing functions for a method-of-moments application. Examples demonstrate that the method has considerable advantages with respect to accuracy and computer-memory requirements 相似文献
5.
Low Complexity Rake Receivers in Ultra-Wideband Channels 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Cassioli D. Win M.Z. Vatalaro F. Molisch A.F. 《Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on》2007,6(4):1265-1275
One of the major issues for the design of ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers is the need to recover the signal energy dispersed over many multipath components, while keeping the receiver complexity low. To this aim we consider two schemes for reduced-complexity UWB Rake receivers, both of which combine a subset of the available resolved multipath components. The first method, called partial Rake (PRake), combines theirs/ arriving multipath components. The second is known as selective Rake (SRake) and combines the instantaneously strongest multipath components. We evaluate and compare the link performance of these Rake receivers in different UWB channels, whose models are based on extensive propagation measurements. We quantify the effect of the channel characteristics on the receiver performance, analyzing in particular the influence of small-scale fading statistics. We find that for dense channels the performance of the simpler PRake receiver is almost as good as that of the SRake receiver, even for a small number of fingers. In sparse channels, however, the SRake outperforms the PRake significantly. We also show that for a fixed transmitted energy there is an optimum transmission bandwidth 相似文献
6.
Jianxuan Du Ye Li Daqing Gu Molisch A.F. Jinyun Zhang 《Communications, IEEE Transactions on》2007,55(3):489-496
We propose a modified layered structure for multiple-input multiple-output systems, where the layer detection order is fixed and the data rate for each layer is allocated based on the detection order and channel statistics. Using a Gaussian approximation of the layer capacities, we derive an asymptotic optimum data-rate-allocation approach. For optimum data-rate allocation, the amount of backoff from the mean layer capacity is proportional to the standard deviation of the layer capacity. With statistical data-rate allocation, only limited channel feedback is needed to update channel statistics at the transmitter. Simulation results show significant performance improvement with the proposed algorithm. We also find that the performance gap between the layered structure and the channel capacity diminishes with increasing ergodicity within each codeword. Numerical results show a singal-to-noise ratio improvement of 6.3 and 3.6 dB for TGn channels "B" and "D," respectively, for 1% outage probability and 9 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency 相似文献
7.
Molisch A.F. Novak H. Fuhl J.F. Bonek E. 《Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on》1998,47(4):1281-1291
We examine the error floor of minimum shift keying (MSK) when the receiver uses selection diversity. Both received signal strength indication (RSSI)-driven diversity and bit error rate (BER)-driven diversity are analyzed. The considered channel is a two-delay Rayleigh-fading channel; detection is done by differential detectors with either fixed or adaptive determination of the sampling time. Analysis is based on the method of error regions, where the instantaneous impulse response is represented by phasors in the complex plane. We first compute the joint probability density function (pdf) of the phasors of the two diversity branches. Depending on the selection criterion, the error probability is then computed as an integral over certain functions of this pdf. In the limit of small delay spreads S, the integrals are evaluated analytically. For fixed sampling, the admissible delay spread for BER=10-3 is increased by about a factor of three (as compared to the no-diversity case) for RSSI-driven diversity and a factor of four for BER-driven diversity. For adaptive sampling, RSSI-driven diversity gives little improvement in the admissible S for BER=10-3 while BER-driven diversity increases it by some 50%. Results are confirmed by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations and measurements 相似文献
8.
9.
Molisch A.F. Asplund H. Heddergott R. Steinbauer M. Zwick T. 《Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on》2006,5(12):3421-3433
This paper describes a model for mobile radio channels that includes consideration of directions of arrival and is thus suitable for simulations of the performance of wireless systems that use smart antennas. The model is specified for 13 different types of environments, covering macro- micro- and picocells. In this paper, a hierarchy of modeling concepts is described, as well as implementation aspects that are valid for all environments. The model is based on the specification of directional channel impulse response functions, from which the impulse response functions at all antenna elements can be obtained. A layered approach, which distinguishes between external (fixed), large-scale-, and small-scale- parameters allows an efficient parameterization. Different implementation methods, based on either a tapped-delay line or a geometrical model, are described. The paper also derives the transformation between those two approaches. Finally, the concepts of clusters and visibility regions are used to account for large delay and angular spreads that have been measured. In two companion papers, the environment-specific values of the model parameters are explained and justified 相似文献
10.
A. Molisch Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. 《e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik》2005,122(3):85-90
MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) systems propose enormous gains in the capacity of wireless systems without requiring more spectral resources. This paper first gives an overview of the use of MIMO for diversity and spatial multiplexing, and the use of channel state information in MIMO systems. It then explores the use of antenna selection as a means for the reduction of the hardware complexity. It is shown that the performance in a spatial-multiplexing application is almost as good as that of full-complexity systems as long as the number of RF chains is at least as large as the number of data streams. 相似文献