An Equalization Time Reduction Method Using a Pseudo‐Random Number Sequence for a Cell Voltage Equalization Circuit with an LC Series Circuit

When the cells of energy storage devices such as electric double‐layer capacitors are connected in series, it results in voltage imbalance in each cell because of the nonuniform properties of the individual cells. In a previous research, the authors proposed a novel cell voltage equalization circuit using an LC series circuit, and they examined the effectiveness of this circuit. However, the characteristics of the cell voltage equalization operation depend on each cell voltage difference. Therefore, the proposed circuit has a disadvantage that the equalization time tends to be longer than other cell voltage equalization circuits with a boosting circuit. This paper proposes an equalization time reduction method that uses a pseudo‐random number sequence generated by the linear congruential generators. The proposed method can reduce the average equalization time without adding any other active or passive elements. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the experimental results. According to the experimental results, the proposed equalization time reduction method reduces the equalization time to 86.5% of the conventional method.     

Distributed optimal energy consumption control of HEVs under MFG-based speed consensus

This paper investigates a distributed optimal energy consumption control strategy under mean-field game based speed consensus. Large scale vehicles in a traffic flow is targeted instead of individual vehicles, and it is assumed that the propulsion power of vehicles is hybrid electric powertrain. The control scheme is designed in the following two stages. In the first stage, in order to achieve speed consensus, the acceleration control law is designed by applying the MFG (mean-field game) theory. In the second stage, optimal powertrain control for minimizing energy consumption is obtained through coordinate the engine and the motor under the acceleration constraint. The simulation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

THE CATEGORY THEORY OF TIME SYSTEMS

In this paper we show a categorical treatment of general time systems using the categorization method presented in our previous paper. Various concepts about general time systems are categorized in the unified framework. Some category theoretical tools for the investigation of such time systems are presented. Using those tools some basic properties of time systems are explored in our framework. In particular, a conceptual equivalence between the causality and the state space representability is proved in the categorical terms. These results show that our method can be a universal tool for a categorization and a categorical treatment of mathematically defined general systems.     

AVERAGE SPECIFIC CAKE RESISTANCE DETERMINED IN the PRESENCE of SEDIMENTATION to FILTRATION of STARCH SLURRY UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE

An equation for predicting filtration flow rates in the presence of sedimentation at constant pressure drop was developed. It was applied to determine the average specific cake resistance infiltration of starch slurries at 18.8 to 115 kPa pressure drop range. At these conditions, corn, potato and sweet potato starch filter cakes were incompressible but wheat starch cake was compressible.     

EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE SALTS AND TRANSGLUTAMINASE IN PREVENTION OF FREEZE CRACKING IN FROZEN DICED BROILER BREAST

Raw broiler breast meat was cooked and diced to 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm ³ then frozen under air‐blast, still‐air and cryogenic conditions. It was found that freezing with cryogenic at ?70C at a rate of 37.50 cm/h produced 38.34% cracked pieces and increasing the freezing rate produced more cracked pieces. Cracking could be found on up to four sides of the dice. A small increase in the moisture of the dice drastically increased the cracking. Tumbling the meat with 1% sodium triphosphate solution prior to cooking and freezing at ?70C reduced the amount of freeze cracking in the product from 47.50 to 24.17%. Tumbling the meat with 0.5% transglutaminase (TGase) reduced the cracked product to 25.84%. Increasing TGase not only increased the moisture content of the products but also reduced the number of cracked products. The TGase‐treated dices had narrower and shorter cracks than phosphate‐treated and without treatment dices.     

基于欠焦像调制处理的生物高分辨透射电镜的发展

Biologieal samples which are composed of light atoms show very little contrast in transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and only small amount of electron dose is allowed to take the image because they are easily damaged by the electron beam irradiation.Therefore,to achieve high-resolution observation of the biological samples,it is crucially important to improve the instrument so as to obtain higher image contrast and to use the total electron dose as emciently as possible.     

石墨在高温形成的TEM原位动态观察

New carbon materials such as nanotubes and fullerenes are currently in the spotlight because of their remarkable properties and their potential to affectbroad areas of science and teclmology.Therefore,it is important to clarify the roles of metal catalysts on the synthesis of new carbons for controlling their structures and properties.However,the formation mechanisms of new carbons are still unclear despite the large amount of progress that has been reported concerning synthesis and applications.This is partly because only a few direct observations of graphite formation have been reported under ordinary synthesis conditions[1-2].     

氧化铝弥散强化铜合金中的沉淀相结构

The aluminizing-internal oxidation is a new method to fabricate a fine Al2O3particles dispersion-hardened layer in the surface of copper alloy.Phase structure,lattice parameter mismatch and morphology have strong influence on material properties because they are associated withe lectrical conductivity,strength and soften resistance.The structure ofthe precipRate in internal oxidized Cu-A1 alloy is still in dispute[1-3].     

Preparation of silicon oxide films by ultraviolet-assisted rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adsorption of diborane and hydrogen selenide on porous alumina and silica

Adsorption of diborane (B2H6) and hydrogen selenide (H2Se) on porous -alumina and amorphous silica at room temperature were investigated. Both physical and chemical adsorption of H2Se on alumina were observed, while amorphous silica did not adsorb H2Se. Chemical adsorption of H2Se on alumina was accompanied by dissociation chemically on alumina and silica. The adsorption capacity of silica for B2H6 dramatically decreased after elimination of water molecules adsorbed on the surface by drying at about 100 °C in an N2 atmosphere, although that of alumina was not changed by drying. Although B2H6 reacts with adsorbed water on alumina and silica surface, B2H6 is deduced to react with hydroxyl groups on alumina but not with those on silica. These observations are compatible with adsorption of various metal hydrides such as SiH4, AsH3 and PH3 on alumina and silica. The difference in the reactivity on metal hydride gases to -alumina and silica can be related to the basicity of oxides and the proton affinity of hydrides. © 1998 Chapman & Hall