Lightning Observation in 3D Using a Multiple LF Sensor Network and Comparison with Radar Reflectivity

A three‐dimensional (3D) lightning mapper consisting of multiple low‐frequency (LF) sensors has been developed to monitor thunderstorms and to estimate their charge structure. We have been conducting an observation campaign using the 3D lightning mapper in Kansai, Japan, since October 2012. In this study, we determine 3D source locations of intracloud and cloud‐to‐ground flashes and compare them with the radar reflectivity estimated by phased‐array radar (PAR) with high temporal and spatial resolution. Most LF sources are located in high radar reflectivity regions, confirming that the 3D LF lightning mapper monitors thunderstorms. A lightning flash with heavy branches is clearly imaged. Based on the bidirectional leader theory that negative and positive ends of a lightning leader develop simultaneously, we estimate the positive and negative charge regions in a thundercloud from the LF source locations. The radar reflectivity estimated by PAR supports the charge structure estimated by LF source locations.     

Diagnosis Criterion of Abnormality of Transformer Winding by Frequency Response Analysis (FRA)

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a powerful technique to detect internal abnormalities within power transformers. However, diagnosis criteria of power transformers by FRA have not been fully established yet. In this paper, a new evaluation method of degree of identification between two transfer functions is proposed. In the proposed method, a frequency window is employed and cross‐correlation factor is calculated with moving the window. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to transfer functions of real transformers with or without some abnormalities. Based on this discussion, objective criteria for diagnosis of abnormalities of transformer windings by FRA are proposed. The proposed criteria are based on a few data of transformers with some abnormalities. Therefore, the proposed criteria are tentative and they would be improved by accumulation of further data.     

Optimal control for linear continuous-time systems with general noises based upon sampled data

This paper is concerned with the optimal control problem for continuous-time systems with general noises, based upon sampled data, under the quadratic cost functional. The system is described by a linear stochastic integral equation, the observations are made at discrete times, and the noise processes are not assumed zero-moan Gaussian and/or white. Derived is the optimal controller algorithm, where the optimal input consists of the following two: (1) the optimal input for usual linear-quadratic-Gaussian control systems and (2) its correction input due to the fact that the noise processes arc non-white and have non-zero means.     

Microstructure of Chromite-Periclase at 1650° to 2310°C

Progressive solid solution of chromite in periclase occurs with increasing temperature. Solid solution is virtually complete except for a few coarse remnants at 1980° C and these are gone at 2090° C. Specimens cooled slowly exhibit exsolution structures, whereas specimens quenched from the higher temperatures consist essentially of a single solid-solution phase. Two periclase structure phases are indicated by X-ray patterns in some quenched specimens. Silicate alters the relations between chromite and periclase in specimens cooled slowly and facilitates segregation of spinel from the solid solution in quenched specimens. Textural features observed in electrically fused specimens are similar to those resulting from predominantly solid-state reactions in specimens fired to 2200°C.     

适合中国南方产籼米米饭食味评价方法的研究

本试验利用日本的四点试验法感官评价了采自南方不同省份的90种籼米，探讨了四点试验法在中国的适用性，并通过逐步回归确定感官评价项目为外观、香气、味、黏度和综合评价；以日本佐竹公司的米饭食味计为基础，利用可见光和近红外光快速测定米饭食味，建立了适合中国南方产籼米的食味及食味影响因子（外观、香味、味、黏度）的回归方程，并在杭州、广州、长沙、哈尔滨进行了实地感官评价，评价结果表明感官评价的综合评价值与食味计预测值之间不存在显著性差异。     

高效液相色谱法测定六种大豆异黄酮及雌马酚的含量

针对豆制品中同时测定大豆异黄酮和雌马酚方法存在的问题,优化并建立了同时测定6种大豆异黄酮和雌马酚的高效液相检测程序,并测定了几种市售豆乳中大豆异黄酮的含量。采用乙腈/甲醇（v/v,5/2）和水为流动相、流速1.0mL/min、检测波长254nm,6种大豆异黄酮和雌马酚均得到良好的分离,相关系数R2分别为0.9998、0.9989、0.9997、0.9986、0.9998、0.9995、0.9999,线性关系良好。该方法准确、灵敏,适合于豆制品中大豆异黄酮及雌马酚的检测。     

Secretome-microRNA and anti-proliferative APRO family proteins as cancer prevention and stem cell research strategies

Stemness of cancer cells contains limitless self-renewal proliferation. For the purpose of proliferation, secretome might exert its effects via the paracrine signaling. Specific microRNAs enclosed in the secretome of cancer stem cells could regulate the expression of anti-proliferative APRO family proteins. The biological functions of APRO family proteins seems to be quite intricate, however, which might be a key modulator of microRNAs, then could regulate the proliferation of cancer cells. In addition to affecting proliferation/differentiation during cellular development, APRO family proteins might also play an imperious role on keeping homeostasis in healthy stem cells under a physiological condition. Therefore, relationship between the microRNAs and the APRO family proteins has attracted much attention in the field of cancer research and regenerative medicine. Here, we have described the molecular mechanism behind this interplay that have a potential role in the future promising tools with targeting APRO family proteins for the medical applications.     

Dielectric Recovery Characteristics after High‐Frequency Current Interruption in Vacuum Circuit Breaker

When the contacts of circuit breaker are opened just before current zero, the gap between contacts will still be very short. Therefore, it cannot withstand recovery voltage between the contacts. In such a case, multiple reignition is likely to take place. Many investigators had tried to clarify this phenomenon, and many reports have been published. However, high‐frequency current interruption and dielectric recovery characteristics are related to some parameters (value of current, arc time, and so on). In addition, arc phenomenon has also been implicated. Hence, it is difficult to understand this phenomenon accurately. In this paper, we conducted dielectric recovery test and high‐frequency current interruption test. Further, we conducted observation experiment using vacuum chamber in order to investigate the effect of small dc current. At the end, we calculated plasma density in the electrodes after high‐frequency current interruption by considering the result of observation experiment and dielectric recovery test.