Electrical Conduction in β-Bi2O3 Doped with Sb2O3

Electrical conduction in tetragonal β-Bi₂O₃ doped with Sb₂O₃ was investigated by measuring electrical conductivity, ionic transference number, and Seebeck coefficient. The β-Bi₂O₃ doped with 1 to 10 mol% Sb₂O₃ was stable up to 600°C and showed an oxygen ionic and electronic mixed conduction, where the electron conduction was predominant at low oxygen pressures. The oxygen-ion conductivity showed a maximum at 4 mol% Sb₂O₃, whereas the activation energy for the ionic conduction remained unchanged for 4 to 10 mol% Sb₂O₃-doped specimens. These results were interpreted in terms of the oxygen vacancy concentration and the distortion of the tetragonal structure. The electron conductivity and its oxygen pressure dependence decreased with increasing Sb₂O₃ content. The fact that Sb⁵⁺ is partially reduced by excess electrons in heavily doped β specimens at low oxygen pressures is explained.     

The Dyeing Properties of Monoazo Reactive Disperse Dyes Derived from –Chloro–4–aminoacetophonone on Polyester Fibre Blends

The preparation of monoazo reactive disperse dyes from –chloro–4–aminoacetophenone and the dyeing properties of these dyes on polyester–cotton and polyester–wool blends are reported.     

Dependence of Vacuum Electrical Breakdown Field and Field Enhancement Factor on the Number of Apertures Drilled in Small Electrodes

Dark current based on field emission current is considered to be a factor causing the vacuum electrical breakdown between multiaperture acceleration grids in the JT‐60 negative ion source. In this paper, we focus on field enhancement factor, which is a key parameter of field emission from the electrode. Vacuum breakdown testing for small‐sized electrodes simulating the multiaperture acceleration grids of the negative ion source was performed. We found the field enhancement factor and breakdown field for multiaperture electrodes, and we investigated the dependence of each parameter on the number of apertures. The results revealed that an increase in the average field enhancement factor after the end of conditioning resulting from an increase in the number of apertures led to a decrease in the dielectric strength of the multiaperture electrodes.     

Iron Loss Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors Fed by PWM Inverter

Carrier harmonic losses that consist of iron loss, eddy current loss, and ac copper loss are produced in a permanent magnet machine driven by a PWM inverter. It is already known that a higher motor inductance can lead to lower carrier harmonic losses. This paper investigates the carrier harmonic loss composition of two motors with identical dimensions but different inductances. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the eddy current loss in the iron core accounts for most of the carrier harmonic loss. It is also shown that the carrier harmonic loss of the iron core is quantifiable using theoretical calculations.     

Dyeing Properties of Monoazo Dyes Derived from Substituted 2-Aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxides on Various Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The preparation of new monoazo dyes from substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole-3N-oxides and aniline coupling components and their dyeing properties on polyester, cellulose acetate, nylon 6 and acrylic fibres are reported.     

Bioactivity of sol–gel derived organically modified silicates: Part I: In vitro examination

Bioactivity was investigated for several organically modified silicates (Ormosils) prepared through sol–gel processes. Ca(II)-free samples were biocompatible only, but Ca(II)containing samples were bioactive and deposited apatite during immersion in a simulated body fluid. The ease of silanol (Si–OH) group formation on the ormosils was considered a predominant factor controlling the bioactivity, while the effect of dissolved Ca(II) ions to increase the degree of supersaturation in the simulated body fluid is secondary.     

Dyeing Properties of Reactive Cationic Dyes Containing a Vinyl-sulphonvl Group on Acrylic Fibre Blends

The preparation of reactive azo cationic dyes containing a vinylsulphonyl group derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and its derivatives is described. Their dyeing properties on blends of acrylic–cellulosic, polyester–cellulosic fibre and on cotton and synthetic fibres are investigated. The relationship between absorption spectra and pH of dye solution is assessed.     

ACOUSTIC IMPULSE RESPONSE METHOD FOR MEASURING NATURAL FREQUENCY OF INTACT FRUITS AND PRELIMINARY APPLICATIONS TO INTERNAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF APPLES AND WATERMELONS

A nondestructive textural quality measurement technique that uses an acoustic property was studied for apples and watermelons. By means of digital Fourier analysis, the natural frequencies of intact fruits are obtained from the sound which is produced by hitting them with a wooden ball pendulum. The reliability of this method was confirmed. This method requires simpler instrumentation than the sonic vibrating resonance method.     

Dynamic scheduling system utilizing machine learning as a knowledge acquisition tool

Dynamic selection of scheduling rules during real operations has been recognized as a promising approach to the scheduling of the production line. For this strategy to work effectively, sufficient knowledge is required to enable prediction of which rule is the best to use under the current line status. In this paper, a new learning algorithm for acquiring such knowledge is proposed. In this algorithm, a binary decision tree is automatically generated using empirical data obtained by iterative production line simulations, and it decides in real time which rule to be used at decision points during the actual production operations. The configuration of the developed dynamic scheduling system and the learning algorithm are described in detail. Simulation results on its application to the dispatching problem are discussed with regard to its scheduling performance and learning capability.     

The Dyeing Properties on Polyester Fibre Blends of Monoazo Reactive Disperse Dyes Containing a Vinylsulphonyl Group

The preparation of monoazo reactive disperse dyes containing a vinylsuphonyl group as the coupling component is described, as well as the dyeing properties of these dyes on polyester-cotton and polyester-wool blends. The suitability of the dyes for heat-transfer printing has been examined.