EFFECTS OF OIL DROPLETS ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF O/W EMULSION AGAR GEL

Effects of oil droplets in an agar gel matrix were investigated by mechanical analyses and sensory evaluation. The results for compressive and puncture properties were expressed in terms of relative values. All compressive properties; stress, strain and compressive energy of emulsion gels, as obtained by compression tests, decreased with both increases of oil droplet size and oil volume fraction. The stress, strain and energy of the emulsion gels obtained by puncture tests did not change with an increase in oil droplet size. Results of sensory evaluation showed that the sample containing small oil droplets was harder than that with large oil droplets. On the other hand, the large oil droplet sample was oilier than that with small oil droplets. The sensory evaluations for hardness and oiliness of emulsion gels did not exhibit significant relations to most of the properties of mechanical analyses.     

Enlargement of Claw Pole Motor Using SMC Cores Divided in the Circumferential Direction

Clawtooth motors have the feature that they can be made thin in the axial direction. This makes them suitable for appliances, automobile accessories, and small‐sized industrial motors. On the other hand, there is a need for thinner HEV and elevator motors and large‐sized industrial motors. In this study, we examined ways of increasing the output of clawtooth motors. We arrived at the following conclusions. (1) The optimal stator structure was determined and the prospects of attaining the target specification of 123 N‐m were determined. (2) Three important manufacturing tasks, assurance of core assembly accuracy, thin coil manufacture, and rotator insertion, were identified. (3) Experimental results and the results of analysis were in agreement with respect to the EMF. (4) The experimental cogging torque results and finite element analysis (FEA) results were in agreement with the FEA results at sixth order but not at second and fourth order. (5) Although the core needed to be divided in the circumferential direction in order to increase its size, it was clear that the influence on the torque was small. (6) Use of a divided core is a good solution for enlargement of clawtooth motors.     

焊接顺序对厚板焊接残余应力分布的影响

采用试验手段和数值模拟方法研究了不锈钢厚板多道焊的残余应力分布特征．通过比较数值模拟结果和试验测量值，验证了基于Quick Welder软件开发的用于多道焊的热一弹一塑性有限元计算方法．同时，通过数值模拟澄清了焊接顺序对最终残余应力的影响．结果表明，焊接顺序对纵向和横向残余应力有明显影响．焊接顺序不仅显著影响峰值应力的...     

不同的表面处理对针织碳纤维复合材料的影响分析(英文)

纤维复合材料已经研究了数十年了。他们有着比传统材料,如钢材,优秀的多的力学性能。然而,由于相对较低的产量,梭织、编织与其3D纤维结构的复合材料被认为较难大量生产。因此,近年来,针织物在复合材料界获得了较高的关注,它的高度可塑性使针织复合材料可以直接生产制造成各种复杂形状的复合材料如管状、圆锥型等,使得材料的浪费可以降到了最低。本文使用了有表面处理和没有表面处理的纬编平针碳纤维制成复合材料。对两种复合材料的经向和纬向分别做了拉伸试验。结果显示:有表面处理的材料具有更好的拉伸性能,尤其是在wale方向上,有表面处理的复合材料比没有表面处理的复合材料的拉伸强度提高75.68%。     

EFFECTS OF OIL DROPLET AND AGAR CONCENTRATION ON GEL STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF O/W EMULSION GEL

The effects of oil droplet size and agar concentration on gel strength and microstructure of emulsion gels were investigated by compression test and cryoscanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). At all agar concentrations, the compressive stress values of emulsion gels were lower than those of the oil-free gels. Compressive stress and energy were significantly affected by oil droplet size and agar concentration, but compressive strain was not. SEM observation revealed that the overall volume of void spaces decreased and strand compactness increased with increasing agar concentration. Gels containing oil droplets had some void spaces between the gel network and the oil droplets. The strands of emulsion gels did not cover the oil globules completely, a phenomenon which was also observed for the gel with high agar concentration.     

Growth characteristics of Bacillus subtilis (natto) in milk

In this paper, Bacillus subtilis (natto) was incubated to develop a possible functional ingredient in ice cream. A lab‐scale culture revealed that incubation in the sterilised milk without dilution and concentration at 37°C for 28 h could obtain ideal growth characteristics of Bacillus subtilis (natto), especially with continuous aeration. Following freezing operation of the cultured milk, survival content of Bacillus subtilis (natto) was at 49–92%, while nattokinase activity was conserved at 62–98% comparing with the initial contents, which indicating a potential for application of natto functional ingredient in frozen milk products.     

严寒环境下的人体冷耐受特性实验

第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年2月在中国举行,主会场设在河北省崇礼地区。比赛期间,当地室外日平均气温大约为-17 ℃~-2 ℃。为有效提高户外观赛者热舒适感及观赛体验,把握户外观赛者人体冷耐受特性非常重要。为此,本研究利用北京地区某商业冷库的-14 ℃~-16 ℃人工环境条件,基于北京8名高校学生（4男,4女）开展了人体冷耐受实验,重点研究人体各部位的热反应特征、冷耐受极限时间、以及人体不可忍受时的生理极限阈值等问题。研究结果表明:受试者在-14 ℃~-16 ℃冷暴露环境、且服装热阻约为2.1 clo的实验条件下,手指、脚趾的皮肤温度下降速率最快、冷感最强烈,躯干及四肢部位的皮肤温度下降速率相对较慢、冷感相对较弱;手暴露与手插兜工况下,平均可持续停留时长分别为51、67 min,影响受试者热感觉以及持续停留时间长短的关键因素分别为手指与脚趾皮肤温度,生理极限阈值均值分别为11 ℃、16 ℃,且男女之间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。研究结果可为严寒环境下人体冷耐受特性及其改善人体热舒适性的局部供暖方法研究,提供基础数据参考。     

超薄钛酸铅纳米管铁电性和力电耦合特性的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理的方法研究了超薄钛酸铅(PbTiO₃)纳米管的铁电性及力电耦合特性。研究发现对于钛酸铅铁电纳米管结构, 即使在其特征尺寸小于铁电薄膜的铁电临界尺寸时, 依然存在自发极化。钛酸铅铁电纳米管结构不存在铁电临界尺寸。对纳米管力电耦合效应的研究发现, 轴向应变作用会引起包括极化沿轴向方向的铁电相、顺电相和极化沿周向方向的铁电相在内的丰富的相转变。这种相的转变是由于轴向应力所导致的Pb-O共价键的变化所引起的。另一方面, 研究了钛酸铅纳米管结构的机械强度, 明确了在轴向拉伸和压缩作用下纳米管的临界载荷。     

Modified peniotron using a TE11 rectangular waveguide cavity

This paper proposes a modified peniotron which is expected to increase both handling power and conversion efficiency compared with the original peniotron, and reports the analytical results or its operational characteristics using some computer simulations. Analytical results assuming the fundamental operation of ω₀ ? ω_c at l0GHz show that an extremely high transverse efficiency of nearly 100% may be attainable over a considerably wide range of output power. The tube uses a TE₁₁ rectangular waveguide cavity instead of the double-pair ridged waveguide cavity used for the original peniotron.