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A. Schneuwly P. Gröning L. Schlapbach G. Müller 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(11):1254-1261
To reduce cost and enhance reliability for microelectronics applications, a complete understanding of the thermosonic bonding
process is required. In particular, the question of whether melting, diffusion, or significant heating occurs along the interface
during friction has often been raised. We present results obtained with a new device based on thermoelectric temperature measurements
to determine the temperature at the bond interface. In addition to the temperature information, the data characterizes the
bonding process in real time on a micrometer scale. The basic principle of the developed apparatus is temperature measurement
by an Au-Ni thermocouple fixed within the inside chamfer of a bonding capillary. Different bond substrates with high and low
bond contact quality have been investigated. The thermoelectric temperature measurements very precisely determines the bonding
behavior of the bond pads. A few nanometers surface contamination on a bond pad significantly reduces the temperature rise
at the bond interface and therefore impairs bondability of the substrate. These results demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy
of the measurement principle. The apparatus is a powerful tool to measure the tribology of the bond system and to characterize
the bondability of different bond pads. 相似文献
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A. Schneuwly 《Power Engineer (see also Power Engineering Journal)》2005,19(1):34-37
Ultracapacitors, also known as electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors have been around for decades and first appeared as low-power, low-energy, long-life backup devices, but until recently had few other applications. This article outlines the technology behind ultracapacitors and presents a variety of current applications, including backup power supplies, power boosters in portable electronics, and automobile electronics. Also briefly discussed are cost issues and possible future developments. 相似文献
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This paper tackles a subset of layout problems that is not a subject of the scientific research to date: the arrangement of the exhibition spaces in a fair. A fair is a large‐scale exhibition for goods and services; for example a trade fair or a regional fair. The layout problem of fairs consists in finding an acceptable layout for both the exhibitors, the visitors, and the organizer of the fair. A model for representing the layout of fairs is presented: the adjacency model. Based on the adjacency model, a construction procedure is developed that leads to the generation of alternative layout solutions. Numerical results for the layout of a real fair are reported. 相似文献
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A. Schneuwly P. Gröning L. Schlapbach V. P. Jaecklin 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(8):990-997
The influence of surface cleanliness of Au/Ni coated multichip materials (MCMs), Ag plated Cu lead frames, and Al bond pads
on semiconductor chips on the strength of Au wire bond contacts has been investigated. A clean surface is important for good
adhesion in any kind of attachment process. Investigations by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been performed
on the bond substrates to determine the chemical composition, the nature as well as the thickness of the contamination layer.
The influence of contamination on bond contact quality has been examined by pull force measurements, which is an established
test method in semiconductor packaging industry for evaluating the quality of wire bonds. The results clearly show that a
strong correlation between the degree of contamination of the substrate and pull strength values exists. Furthermore, a contamination
thickness limiting value of 4 nm for Au and Ag substrates was determined, indicating good wire bond contact quality. The effect
of plasma cleaning on wire bondability of metallic and organic (MCMs) substrates has been examined by pull force measurements.
These results confirm the correlation between surface contamination and the strength of wire bond contacts for Au/Ni coated
MCMs and Ag plated Cu lead frames. Atomic force microscopy measurements have been performed to determine the roughness of
bond surfaces, demonstrating the importance of nanoscale characterization with regard to the bonding behavior of the substrates.
Finally, bonding substrates used in integrated circuit packaging are discussed with regard to their Au wire bonding behavior.
The Au wire bonding process first results in a cleaning effect of the substrate to be joined and secondly enables the change
of bonding energy into frictional heat giving rise to an enhanced interdiffusion at the interface. 相似文献
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Hubert Schneuwly 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》1985,9(1):97-99
A method is proposed for measuring the capture ratio of muons in a H2 + Z gas mixture making use of the transfer of muons captured in hydrogen to the heavier element Z. 相似文献