Post Recognition Speech Localization

How much does knowledge regarding a certain spoken word or phrase help with its localization? This is a very fundamental question for speech processing, and will be partially addressed in this paper. In particular, this work will utilize prior information regarding the contents of a speech signal in order to improve the artificial localization of it using Time delay of arrival (TDOA) between two microphones. The prior information, which is used to develop a very simple frequency-selective phase transform (FPT), increases the effective SNR by only using a subset of the highest SNR frequencies in the Phase Transform. Simulations in a reverberant environment show that the proposed approach can more robustly and accurately localize speech sources. For 20 ms signal segments, it is shown that using a subset of 45 percent of available speech frequency bins is superior to using 30, 60, or 100, where using 100 corresponds to the standard Phase Transform.     

General nonlinear modal representation of large scale power systems

In this paper an approach is devised to represent, and study the behavior of, nonlinear dynamic systems using general nonlinear modal representation. This approach is shown to compare favorably to the normal form of vector field technique, the other methodology used for this purpose, in that it is valid under resonance conditions and it does not require nonlinear transformation. By representing the system more accurately and in terms of its modes and their interactions, it would be better suited to be used for understanding and analyzing complex behavior of stressed power system and also in designing various controls for the system. This method can represent a nonlinear system with any order of nonlinearity and provides the solution to the system nonlinear differential equation employing Laplace transformation. The accuracy and robustness of the method has been validated using three systems, two of which model realistic utility power systems under stressed conditions.     

Study of fault location effect on the inter-area oscillations in stressed power systems using modal series method

Heavily loaded, stressed power systems exhibit complex dynamic behavior such as auto and hetero parametric resonances and inter-area oscillations when subjected to a disturbance. These behaviors cannot be analyzed by conventional linearization-based methods. Nonlinear tools, such as normal form and modal series methods can be utilized for studying and understanding these complex behaviors. In this paper, using modal series technique, the effect of fault location and duration on the dynamic performance of stressed power systems is investigated. Three indices are defined and used to explain the effect of different fault scenarios on the transient behaviors of the system. Also, a qualitative analysis of plant mode and inter-area mode type behaviors are presented and typical differences are highlighted. The numerical simulations on the IEEE 50-Generator test system demonstrate validity of the study carried out by modal series analysis.     

Position Control of Induction and DC Servomotors: A Novel Adaptive Fuzzy PI Sliding Mode Control

A position control of a class of servomotors is addressed in this paper via a novel adaptive fuzzy PI sliding mode control. The premise and the consequence parts of the fuzzy rules are tuned with adaptive schemes. To attenuate chattering effectively, the discontinuous control is approximated by an adaptive PI control structure. Moreover, the bound of the discontinuous control term is assumed to be unknown, and an adaptive mechanism is used to estimate this bound. All adaptive laws are derived via Lyapunov synthesis method, thereby guaranteeing the closed-loop stability. The proposed approach has the added advantage that, for external disturbances, it only requires a bound to exist, without needing to know the magnitude of this bound. The proposed controller is applied to control a model of uncertain induction servomotor subject to significant disturbances and a model of DC servomotor with unknown parameters and uncertainty in load condition. The analysis of simulations reveals the effectiveness of the proposed method in controlling servomotors in terms of significant reduction in chattering while maintaining asymptotic convergence.     

Using modal series to analyze the transient response of oscillators

In this paper, a new form of Modal series is used to obtain the transient time‐domain response of oscillators. It is applicable to n‐dimensional systems and is not dependent on the existence of a small parameter in circuit's model. In addition, it provides an approximate analytical expression for the transient response instead of numerical solutions. It is valuable since the transient response of oscillators is not frequency stationary and therefore the FFT of numerical methods may not be so useful. The Colpitts oscillator is selected as a case study and a closed‐form expression for its transient response is derived which approximates the real response up to the steady state. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.