Silicon - In this treatise, we have proposed a Single Material Gate–Dual Gate Impact Ionization Metal Oxide Semiconductor (SMG DG-IMOS) based Pressure Sensor. The pressure sensor has the most... 相似文献
Journal of Signal Processing Systems - Research interest and industry investment in edge computing solutions have increased dramatically in recent years. Consequent quest for balanced performance,... 相似文献
Google Earth search function was used to study the impacts of small-scale spatial ability, large-scale environmental cognition, and geographical knowledge on new technology usage. The participants were 153 junior high students from central Taiwan. Geography grades served as indicators of prior knowledge, mental rotation and abstract reasoning skills as indicators of spatial ability, and sketch maps of school neighborhoods as indicators of environmental cognition (including landmark representation, intersection representation, and frame of reference). Lastly, the authors announced the landmarks searching worksheet and asked the participants to accomplish 16 familiar and unfamiliar landmark searching tasks using Google Earth with keyword search function disabled. The result showed the strongest predictor of landmark searching performance is ‘frame of reference’ in environmental cognition, followed by ‘mental rotation’ of spatial ability, ‘landmark representation’ of environmental cognition, and geographical knowledge. Google Earth landmark searches require complex cognitive processing; therefore, our conclusion is that GIS-supported image search activities give students good practice of active knowledge construction. 相似文献
A gate-all-around charge plasma nanowire field-effect transistor (GAA CP NW FET) device using the negative-capacitance technique is introduced, termed the GAA CP NW negative-capacitance (NC) FET. In the face of bottleneck issues in nanoscale devices such as rising power dissipation, new techniques must be introduced into FET structures to overcome their major limitations. Negative capacitance is an efficient effect that can be incorporated into a device to enhance its performance for low-power applications and help to reduce the operating voltage. The Landau–Khalatnikov equation can be applied in such cases to obtain the effective bias. To determine the effects of negative capacitance, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ferroelectric material, a ceramic material with perovskite properties, is adopted as a gate insulator. This approach diminishes the supply voltage and reduces the power dissipation in the device. Excluding their polarization properties, ferroelectric materials are similar to dielectric materials, and PZT offers abundant polarization with improved reliability and a higher dielectric capacitance. Without proper tuning of the thickness of the PZT material, hysteresis behavior mat occur. Hence, the thickness of the PZT material (tFE) is an essential parameter to optimize the device performance and achieve a reduced threshold voltage for the GAA CP NW NC-FET device proposed herein. Furthermore, varying the thickness of the PZT ferroelectric material can also enhance the performance. When using the highest values of tFE, improved outcomes with an analogously lower operating voltage are observed. The effects of varying tFE on the performance characteristics of the device including the drain current, transconductance, polarized charge, etc. are also interpreted herein.
This paper proposes an accelerated iterative procedure for a nonlinear fourth order elliptic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. First, an existence and uniqueness theorem is proved for the fourth order elliptic equation via the accelerated iterative procedure. To solve this problem numerically, a finite difference based numerical scheme is also developed in view of the main theorem. Theoretically, the monotone property as well as the convergence analysis are proved for both the continuous and discretized cases. The main result also supplements several algorithms for computing the solution of the fourth order elliptic integro-partial differential equation. The proposed scheme not only accelerates the scheme in the literature but also provides a greater flexibility in choosing the initial guess. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through a comparative numerical study with the recent literature. The numerical simulation confirms the theoretical claims too. 相似文献
Health risk concerns associated with household use of rooftop-harvested rainwater (HRW) constitute one of the main impediments to exploit the benefits of rainwater harvesting in the United States. However, the benchmark based on the U.S. EPA acceptable annual infection risk level of ≤1 case per 10,000 persons per year (≤10−4 pppy) developed to aid drinking water regulations may be unnecessarily stringent for sustainable water practice. In this study, we challenge the current risk benchmark by quantifying the potential microbial risk associated with consumption of HRW-irrigated home produce and comparing it against the current risk benchmark. Microbial pathogen data for HRW and exposure rates reported in literature are applied to assess the potential microbial risk posed to household consumers of their homegrown produce. A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model based on worst-case scenario (e.g. overhead irrigation, no pathogen inactivation) is applied to three crops that are most popular among home gardeners (lettuce, cucumbers, and tomatoes) and commonly consumed raw. The infection risks of household consumers attributed to consumption of these home produce vary with the type of produce. The lettuce presents the highest risk, which is followed by tomato and cucumber, respectively. Results show that the 95th percentile values of infection risk per intake event of home produce are one to three orders of magnitude (10−7 to 10−5) lower than U.S. EPA risk benchmark (≤10−4 pppy). However, annual infection risks under the same scenario (multiple intake events in a year) are very likely to exceed the risk benchmark by one order of magnitude in some cases. Estimated 95th percentile values of the annual risk are in the 10−4 to 10−3 pppy range, which are still lower than the 10−3 to 10−1 pppy risk range of reclaimed water irrigated produce estimated in comparable studies. We further discuss the desirability of HRW for irrigating home produce based on the relative risk of HRW to reclaimed wastewater for irrigation of food crops. The appropriateness of the ≤10−4 pppy risk benchmark for assessing safety level of HRW-irrigated fresh produce is questioned by considering the assumptions made for the QMRA model. Consequently, the need of an updated approach to assess appropriateness of sustainable water practice for making guidelines and policies is proposed. 相似文献