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1.
Colour extension properties of individual pigments and effects on shades of foundations in cake form
AKIRA TSUGITA TAKASHI FUKISHIMA TOHRU YONEYA YASUSH INISHIJIMA 《International journal of cosmetic science》1985,7(1):15-27
The mechanism of colour change during the pigment dispersion process and during powder application to the skin surface was studied by examining the colour extension properties of Yellow. Red , and Black iron oxides in white powder bases. A new measure for the evaluation of the degree of colour extension was devised. This measure corresponded well with human visual sensation, and was found to be useful for comparing the rates of colour extension of pigments. The rate of colour extension of pigments was found to vary in the order: Yellow acicular Red granular Red Black. This result explains colour darkening and the change towards reddish tones during the pigment dispersion process, because Yellow extends fully in the early stage of the process but Red , especially in granular form, and Black continue to extend even in the later stage. Acicular Red iron oxide is more favourably employed than the granular form to attain sufficient colour extension of foundations with lower energy expenditure, and to decrease the discrepancy between the cake colour and the colour of applied powder.
Le développement des oxydes de fer et effet sur les nuances des fonds de teint compacts 相似文献
Le développement des oxydes de fer et effet sur les nuances des fonds de teint compacts 相似文献
2.
Static and fatigue shear tests of steel–Ni bonds and steel–Ti bonds were carried out to obtain the relations between the strengths
and the bonding conditions. Ultrasonic measurements were also made to examine the relations between the strengths and the
size of the bonded region (the estimated diameter). At the bonding interface of the steel–Ni bonds, no intermediate phase
was observed. At the bonding interface of the steel–Ti bonds, a thin layer of intermetallic compound was formed at lower bonding
temperatures but, at higher bonding temperatures, the interlayer melted and the bonding interface became rough. The intensity
of the ultrasonic wave reflected from the bonding interface changed, depending on the state of the bonding interface. In shear
tests of the steel–Ni and steel–Ti bonds, cracks propagated along the bonding interface, and the strength was proportional
to the square of the estimated diameter. In fatigue tests, cracks propagated in the thickness direction of the plate and no
relation was obtained between the fatigue life and the estimated diameter. Fatigue life distributions were represented by
two- and three-parameter Weibull distributions.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Two special types of anhydrous aluminum sulfate with extreme grain shapes were prepared; one, obtained by precipitation from concentrated sulfuric acid solution, is rhombohedral near cubic single-crystal grains and the other, from acetic acid solution, consists of very thin flaky particles. The morphology of sulfate and calcined alumina, the sulfate decomposition, the η-α alumina transformation, and the crystallite growth of α alumina were studied and compared with those processes for reagent-grade sulfate. The morphology of anhydrous sulfate was shown to greatly affect the heat-treatment characteristics of alumina and the sulfate decomposition behavior. 相似文献
4.
SHIN-ICHI IWAI TAKASHI WATANABE ICHIRO MINATO KIYOSHI OKADA† HIDEKI MORIKAWA 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1980,63(1-2):44-46
Thermal decomposition of mullite into corundum was investigated using a high-temperature X-ray single-crystal camera equipped with a gas-flame furnace and by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). When heated to ∼1750°C, mullite decomposed to corundum by the liberation of the SiO2 component with topotaxial relations of:
Thus, it was considered that, when mullite decomposed into corundum, their oxygen close-packed planes were almost preserved. The SEM photographs showed that the crystals of the developed corundum are prismatic and ∼5 μm wide. The EPMA showed that the phase boundary between mullite and developed corundum is discontinuous. 相似文献
- (1)
(310)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor - (2)
(130)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor - (3)
(110)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor
Thus, it was considered that, when mullite decomposed into corundum, their oxygen close-packed planes were almost preserved. The SEM photographs showed that the crystals of the developed corundum are prismatic and ∼5 μm wide. The EPMA showed that the phase boundary between mullite and developed corundum is discontinuous. 相似文献
5.
Diagnosis Criterion of Abnormality of Transformer Winding by Frequency Response Analysis (FRA)
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SATORU MIYAZAKI YOSHINOBU MIZUTANI AKIRA TAGUCHI JUNICHI MURAKAMI NAOKAZU TSUJI MASAHIRO TAKASHIMA OSAMU KATO 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2017,201(3):25-34
Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a powerful technique to detect internal abnormalities within power transformers. However, diagnosis criteria of power transformers by FRA have not been fully established yet. In this paper, a new evaluation method of degree of identification between two transfer functions is proposed. In the proposed method, a frequency window is employed and cross‐correlation factor is calculated with moving the window. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to transfer functions of real transformers with or without some abnormalities. Based on this discussion, objective criteria for diagnosis of abnormalities of transformer windings by FRA are proposed. The proposed criteria are based on a few data of transformers with some abnormalities. Therefore, the proposed criteria are tentative and they would be improved by accumulation of further data. 相似文献
6.
DAISUKE HIRAMATSU KAZUMA TSUJIKAWA TAKASHI UEDA MASAFUMI FUJITA HIROAKI ISHIZUKA MASASHI OKUBO HIDEYUKI HACHIYA JUNJI MORI DAI NOZAKI DAISUKE IWASHITA TADASHI TOKUMASU 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2017,198(2):39-49
Fractional‐slot windings are widely used in rotating machines in order to improve the output voltage waveform, increase the design flexibility, and gain many other advantages. However, fractional‐slot windings are known to produce different harmonic components such as an even order and/or fractional number of space flux harmonics compared to integral‐slot windings. These harmonics may increase stray losses and cause stator core vibration. This paper describes an analysis of space flux harmonics and proposes new winding methods such as “novel interspersed windings” to reduce these harmonic components. The proposed winding methods were verified by numerical analysis and model tests. 相似文献
7.
YOSHIKI SUZUKI MINORU MIZUTANI TAKAMITSU SUGIURA NAOKI SAKAI TAKASHI OHIRA 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2016,195(1):63-71
Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to play a leading role in the changeover from fossil fuels to clean energy. However, EVs are currently not very popular, owing to their short cruising distance and long charging time. Wireless power transfer from the infrastructure to running EVs is expected to be the solution to these problems. Electric vehicle and electrified roadway (EVER) has been proposed as a wireless power transfer system for EVs while in motion. Via‐wheel power transfer (V‐WPT) is expected to be a wireless power transfer scheme for EVER. We designed and prototyped a 1:32 scale model of a V‐WPT system that consists of an RF inverter, an electrified roadway, a rectifier, and an EV with a dc motor. The output power of the prototype RF inverter was 5.9 W and the dc–RF conversion efficiency was 36.6%. The LC matching circuits for the V‐WPT were designed with two‐port conjugate matching because S11 of the V‐WPT was intrinsically –0.06 dB. After matching, the S11 value was reduced to –21.5 dB. The power transmission efficiency of the V‐WPT system was 75%. The RF–dc conversion efficiency of the rectifier was 62%. The total efficiency of the EVER system was 24.2%. 相似文献
8.
TOSHIO HIRAI KOICHI NIIHARA TAKASHI GOTO 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1980,63(7-8):419-424
A thermo gravimetric study of the oxidation behavior of chemically vapor-deposited amorphous and crystalline Si3 N4 (CVD Si3 N4 ) was made in dry oxygen (0.1 MPa) at 1550° to 1650°C. The specimens were prepared under various deposition conditions using a mixture of SiCl4 , NH3 , and H2 gases. The crystalline CVD Si3 N4 indicated a parabolic oxidation kinetics over the whole temperature range, whereas the amorphous CVD Si3 N4 changed from a parabolic to a linear law with increased temperature. The oxidation mechanism is discussed in terms of the activation energy for the oxidation and the microstructure of the formed oxide films. 相似文献
9.
The role of water vapor in crystallite growth and the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of ZrO2 was studied using three specially prepared samples: an ultrafine powder of monoclinic ZrO2 obtained by hydrolysis of ZrOCI2 , an aggregated powder of tetragonal ZrO2 obtained by thermal decomposition of Zr(OH)4 under reduced pressure, and an ultrafine powder of tetragonal ZrO2 obtained by thermal decomposition of zirconyl acetate dispersed in caramel. The samples were heat-treated up to 1000°C in dry and wet atmospheres saturated with water vapor at 90°C. It was found that water vapor markedly accelerated crystallite growth for both monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 and facilitated the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation. Water vapor increases surface diffusion and thus enhances crystallite growth and decreases surface energy, which leads to stabilization of the tetragonal phase. 相似文献
10.
TAKASHI YAHAGI 《International journal of control》2013,86(3):581-596
This paper deals with the optimum design of linear multivariate sampled-data control systems, Section 2 is concerned with the design of such control systems which are optimum on the basis of deadbeat performance. This design procedure is general and can be applied similarly to any deterministic inputs such as step, ramp, etc. Section 3 is concerned with such control systems with respect to an integral form performance criterion. It is desired that the performance index takes the form of an integral, especially when the state variables of a control system are continuous with respect to time. For this reason, the minimum integral control is considered here. The performance limits for such systems optimized for a deterministic input are considered in §4, and some interesting theorems are proved by using the w-transform. 相似文献