Impact of Retailer and Consumer Behavior on Voltage in Distribution Network Under Liberalization of Electricity Retail Market

The liberalization movement in Japan will be expanded to the residential sector and full liberalization of the retail market will be achieved in the near future. Against this background, it is expected that transactions in a distribution network (DN), which has many consumers of the residential sector, will be activated. Furthermore, consumers can control their loads depending on the selling prices offered by retailers with the introduction of demand response (DR) technologies such as home energy management systems (HEMS). Due to the variation of load by DR, however, the voltage profile in DN may be changed compared to the present situation. This may make voltage management difficult and cause problems such as voltage deviation from an adequate range. In this paper, the impact of DR in a liberalized electricity market on DN is evaluated for efficient voltage management. In order to evaluate the behavior of the retailer and consumers, this paper proposes a bi‐level programming approach based on the Stackelberg game model. Solving the bi‐level programming problem including the power flow equation for a DN model based on the IEEE 13‐bus test feeder, we analyze the impact of the retailer and consumers on the voltage in the DN in order to account for transactions between these market players.     

Role of Light Chains In Heat-Induced Gelation of Skeletal Muscle Myosin

More than 60% of alkali light chains were released from rabbit skeletal myosin during heating to form gel. The removal of about 1 mol of regulatory light chain (LC2)/mol of myosin (LC2-deficient myosin) resulted in major decrease of gel strength at low ionic strength. The F-actin concentration required to attain maximum gel strength of the LC2-deficient myosin was greater than that of control myosin. These changes in functional characteristics of myosin induced by removal of LC2 were restored by reassociation of LC2 to the LC2-deficient myosin. Results showed skeletal myosin LC2 has an important role in its heat-induced gelation.     

A Study on the Power System Security under Future Uncertainties

In this paper, we propose three applications to quantitatively evaluate N‐1 security with increased uncertainties. By using a robust dynamic security region (RDS), which is based on the concept of robust power system security (RS), the key region for judging the security and a new evaluation index for quantitative analysis, we can evaluate power system security as follows. (1) The calculation of the RDS at the time of yearly peak load demand can be recognized as the benchmark for the N‐1 security at present, and this method can be applied to the future power system with increased renewable energy resources (RES) such as PV. (2) We show the yearly declining trend for N‐1 security resulting from increased PV deployment year by year. (3) We calculate the necessary amount of additional power supply capacity, including conventional electric power generators or storage batteries, needed for maintaining the N‐1 security at the present level. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations using a model system with three machines.     

基于欠焦像调制处理的生物高分辨透射电镜的发展

Biologieal samples which are composed of light atoms show very little contrast in transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and only small amount of electron dose is allowed to take the image because they are easily damaged by the electron beam irradiation.Therefore,to achieve high-resolution observation of the biological samples,it is crucially important to improve the instrument so as to obtain higher image contrast and to use the total electron dose as emciently as possible.