Experimental Verification for Practical Application of Inductive Power Transfer System for Railway

Inductive Power Transfer systems (IPT systems) for moving Electrical Vehicles (EVs) are often discussed. However, an IPT system for moving railway vehicles has not been sufficiently examined. In order to employ the IPT system for railway vehicles, this paper examines the characteristics of railway IPT systems, such as efficiency, temperature rise, and durability. Because the required characteristics of the IPT system for railway are different from those of EV, one example of a railway IPT system is proposed, and the verification items for practical use are examined. Moreover, we manufactured test equipment that can imitate the field environment in order to verify these items before practical use in the field. The test procedure and test results demonstrate the possibility of practical use of a railway IPT system.     

Development of –1 MV DC Filter and High‐Voltage DC Measurement Systems for ITER NBI

This paper presents the development results of a ?1 MV dc filter and dc measurement systems for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) neutral beam injector (NBI) system. High accuracy of 0.5% and fast responsivity of 3.3 μs, ?3 dB are required for the dc measurement systems: both dc voltage dividers and DCCTs. Circuit design and thermal flow design were carried out to clarify and minimize their effects on the accuracy and responsivity. The validity of the established design was demonstrated by the actual‐product tests; temperature rise of each components fell below the allowable value; inner components of dc filter withstood dc ?1.2 MV; each voltage divider accurately measured the voltage during the dc ?1.2 MV withstand voltage test; the voltage dividers and the DCCTs were adequate to the requirements of responsivity (3.3 μs, ?3 dB).     

CHANGES IN MOLECULAR SPECIES COMPOSITIONS OF GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLE OF THE GIANT EZO SCALLOP PATINOPECTEN YESSOENSIS DURING FROZEN STORAGE

Changes in lipid components, particularly glycerophospholipids, in the adducto; muscle of giant ezo scallop during storage at −20C were investigated. During storage, the contents of total lipids (TL) and polar lipids (PL) decreased, but that of nonpolar lipids increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and peroxide values of the TL increased with duration of storage. Glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) and glycerylphosphrylethanolamine (GPE) decomposed considerably during storage, and decreased by 50% and 15% of the initial content, while lyso-PC (LPC) and free fatty acids (FFA) increased, respectively. The percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the TL and PL during storage decreased, however, those of the PUPAs in the NL increased. Diacylglycerylphosphorylcholine (diacyl-GPC) and diacylglycerylophosphorylethanolamine (diacyl-GPE), major components in the GPC and GPE subclasses, showed a marked decrease with duration of storage. Particularly, diacyl-GPC decreased by 68% of the initial contents of the PL. In the alkenylacyl-GPE and diacyl-GPC, the percentages of the molecular species having longer hydrocarbon chains on the sn-l positions of glycerol moieties decreased at     

Fault diagnosis of a power system based on a description of the structure and function of the relay system

Abstract: This paper proposes a method of fault diagnosis of power systems based on a knowledge-based approach. It makes use of information on relays and circuit breakers. The feature of this method is that the relay sequence is represented by a logical circuit. In this circuit the following two relations are represented; a logical relation between inputs and output of a gate and a connective relation between logical gates. These two relations are expressed by production rules in the knowledge base. When the information from relays and circuit breakers is given to the logical circuit, faulty components are pointed out.     

INFLUENCE OF TIME THICKENING ON THE WHIPPABILITY OF CREAMS

Flow properties of creams containing milk fat (Cream A), vegetable fat (Cream C), and vegetable fat plus milk fat (Cream B) were determined with a coaxial cylinder viscometer for a wide range of shear rates. All creams examined showed time thickening. The viscosity increase with shearing time was expressed by two stage equations as follows: (1) (1) where η_o and η_t are cream viscosity at zero and t shearing time, K₁ and K₂ are rate constants and C₁ and C₂ are constants. The first stage (Eq. 1) was assumed to occur in the course of primary clustering of the independent fat globules, and the second stage (Eq. 2) was assumed to occur in the course of coagulation of the fat globule clusters. Both K₁ and K₂ increased as shear rate increased.
At the same time, the whippability of each cream was determined with a household mixer to which was attached a strain gauge transducer unit for measuring consistency of the whipped creams. There was a tendency for a higher ratio of milk fat/vegetable fat in the creams to decrease the whipping time or to increase whippability of the creams.
Correlations of stability, whippability, and flow properties were examined. A cream which was high stability showed a low K₁ value, and a cream which has high whippability showed a high K₂ value. K₁ and K₂ values at a suitable shear rate will be quite helpful in the determination of the physical properties of cream.     

Effect of Rare-Earth Ions on Electrical Conductivity of BaTiO3 Ceramics

Lattice constants, grain size, electrical conductivity, and luminescence were measured for sintered BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with 0 to 1.2 at.% rare-earth ions. BaTiO₃ doped with low levels of rare-earth ions contains grains 10 μm in size and has lattice constants nearly equal to those of undoped ceramics. In this case, rare-earth ions occupy Ba²⁺ sites and yield donors. When grain growth is inhibited by high doping levels or by insufficient sintering, the lattice constants change, the rare-earth ions occupy both Ba²⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ sites, and, consequently, BaTiO₃ becomes insulative because of charge compensation.     

CHANGES IN CONTENT OF OCTOPINE, ACIDIC OPINES, RELATED AMINO ACIDS AND PHOSPHOARGININE IN THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLE OF THREE SPECIES OF SCALLOP DURING STORAGE

The postmortem changes of octopine (Oct), strombine (Stn), tauropine (Trn), alanopine (Aln), related amino acids and phosphoarginine (PA) in the edible adductor muscles of Chlamys nobilis, Pecten albicans and Patinopecten yessoensis during storage at 0 and 5C were examined. For this purpose, new alternative HPLC methods for the analysis of octopine and acidic opines were developed. Among opines, Oct was the major postmortem glycolytic end product of all three scallops, followed by Stn, Trn and Aln, respectively. The accumulation of Oct during storage at 0 and 5C was similar. On the contrary, almost twice as much Stn accumulated when stored at 5C compared to 0C. Trn and Aln increased to a lesser extent. Arginine and PA decreased, while glycine, taurine and alanine increased during storage.     

On the estimation of noise covariances in linear discrete-time systems

This paper is concerned with an approach for estimating or tracking the time-varying input and measurement noise covariances in time-varying discrete-time linear systems. The approach is firstly to introduce the estimators for the case where the noise co-variances are unknown constants. (The estimators are defined as the mean squares of the estimators of noises based on all the available measurement data.) They arc then transformed in sequential form, and are subsequently modified by incorporating a fading memory to yield estimates for time-varying noise covariances. The time-varying noise covariance estimates are evaluated as the fading mean squares of the estimates of noises based on all the measurement data up to present time. A numerical example for a simple system indicates acceptable performance of the proposed method.     

Electrical Conduction of Rare-Earth-Doped BaTiO3 Single Crystals

The effect of 0.2 to 0.8 at.% rare-earth ions on the conductivity of melt-grown BaTiO₃ crystals was studied by optical absorption, luminescence, Hall coefficient, and electrical conductivity measurements. The conductivity is proportional to the dopant concentration in these crystals; such is not the case in BaTiO₃ ceramics. A rare-earth ion substitutes on the Ba²⁺ site and yields a donor.