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Theera Anukunprasert Chintana Saiwan Elisabetta Di Bartolomeo Enrico Traversa 《Journal of Electroceramics》2007,18(3-4):295-303
Nanostructured powders of Nb-doped TiO2 (TN) and SnO2 mixed with Nb-doped TiO2 in two different atomic ratios—10 to 1 (TSN 101) and 1 to 1 (TSN 11)—were synthesized using the reverse micelle microemulsion
of a nonionic surfactant (brine solution/1-hexanol/Triton X-100/cyclohexane). The powders were characterized by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thick films were fabricated for gas sensors and characterized by XRD
analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The effects of the film morphology and firing temperature
in the range 650–850 °C on CO sensitivity were studied. The best gas response, expressed as the ratio between the resistance
in air and the resistance under gas exposure (R
air/R
gas), was measured for TSN 11 at 11 for 1,000 ppm CO exposure. All types of sensors showed good thermal stability. The electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed in different gas atmospheres (air, O2, CO and NO2) to better understand the electrical properties of the nanostructured mixed metal oxides. 相似文献
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Thiangtum W Yawongsa A Schonewille JT Rukkwamsuk T Yuangklang C Verstegen MW Hendriks WH 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(13):2333-2337
BACKGROUND: Lactating dairy cattle in the tropics may require more sodium (Na) owing to the hot and humid climatic conditions. It is unknown whether the current recommendations on Na for lactating cows can be quantitatively used in tropical countries. This study attempted to define the Na requirement of lactating dairy cows under tropical conditions by measuring Na levels in saliva, milk and faeces. RESULTS: The concentrations of Na and potassium (K) in milk, faeces and serum were not affected by dietary treatments. The amount of Na absorbed by cows fed the basal (low‐Na) diet containing 0.4 g Na kg?1 dry matter (DM) was equal to the amount of Na lost in the milk, showing that these animals were fed an Na‐deficient ration. This observation was corroborated by salivary Na and K levels, with the cows on the low‐Na diet having salivary Na concentrations below 120 mmol L?1 in combination with salivary K concentrations above 20 mmol L?1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Consumption of a daily ration formulated to contain the current Na requirement set by the NRC appears to provide too much Na for lactating cows under tropical conditions. A tentative value of 1.2 g kg?1 DM is proposed as the Na requirement for dairy cows under tropical conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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