Smart Edge Computing for 5 g/6 g Satellite IOT for Reducing Inter Transmission Delay

Mobile Networks and Applications - 5G/6G communication are first generation high speed wireless communication network which integrates the aerial data, terrestrial data and maritime data via...     

Decay Rate Kinetics of Ozone Gas in Rice Grains

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ozone on rice grains for the following three conditions: saturation time, decay rate, and half-life of ozone. Experiments were performed in different bed thicknesses (5 and 10 cm) and moisture content (11.4 and 14.2% wb) at atmospheric conditions. The lowest saturation time of ozone was 119 min, with the concentration of 516 ppm for rice grains ozonated at 5-cm bed thickness with 11.4% (wb) moisture content. The decay rate kinetics of ozone obtained were consistent with a first-order model. Regarding the half-life of ozone, the lowest value obtained was 6.78 min for rice grains ozonated at 10-cm bed thickness with 14.2% (wb) moisture content.     

A Review of Wavelets for Digital Wireless Communication

Wavelets have been favorably applied in almost all aspects of digital wireless communication systems including data compression, source and channel coding, signal denoising, channel modeling and design of transceivers. The main property of wavelets in these applications is in their flexibility and ability to characterize signals accurately. In this paper recent trends and developments in the use of wavelets in wireless communications are reviewed. Major applications of wavelets in wireless channel modeling, interference mitigation, denoising, OFDM modulation, multiple access, Ultra Wideband communications, cognitive radio and wireless networks are surveyed. The confluence of information and communication technologies and the possibility of ubiquitous connectivity have posed a challenge to developing technologies and architectures capable of handling large volumes of data under severe resource constraints such as power and bandwidth. Wavelets are uniquely qualified to address this challenge. The flexibility and adaptation provided by wavelets have made wavelet technology a strong candidate for future wireless communication. Madan Kumar Lakshmanan was born in Chennai, India, in 1979. He received the B.E. (with distinction) in electrical engineering from the University of Madras, Chennai, India, in 2000. He joined the Indian Software firm, Polaris Software Labs Ltd., in 2000 where he wrote software for Telecommunication applications. At Polaris, he was awarded the “On The Spot Of Excellence Award” for his efforts. In 2003, he moved to the Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, to develop and establish a wireless communications network for rural connectivity. In 2004, he was awarded the Royal Dutch/Shell Chevning scholarship to pursue a Master degree in Telecommunications at the Delft University of Technology (TUDelft). At TUDelft he is affiliated to the International Research Center for Telecommunications-Transmission and Radar (IRCTR) where he is undertaking research in the field of wavelets applications in Wireless Communications. Homayoun Nikookar received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Delft University of Technology (TUDelft), The Netherlands, in 1995. From 1995 to 1998 he was a postdoc researcher at the International Research Center for Telecommunications-Transmission and Radar, TUDelft, where since 1999 he has been an Assistant Professor. Dr. Nikookar has done research on different areas of wireless communications, including wireless channel modeling, UWB, MIMO, multicarrier transmission, Wavelet-based OFDM and CDMA. He is a senior member of the IEEE.     

Fracture characteristics of a burst tested maraging steel rocket motor case

A 0.3 m diameter, 2 m long and 0.0015 m thick, 18 nickel 1800 MNm^–2 grade maraging steel motor case was designed, fabricated and burst tested to gain experience for using the steel as booster case material in satellite launch vehicles. The bursting occurred at 15.2 MPa for which the effective hoop stress worked out to be 1754 MNm^–2 almost equal to the ultimate tensile strength (1764 MNm^–2) of the material in the solution treated and aged condition. The failure analysis revealed that the material failed due to normal tensile overload fracture. The burst test data was used to arrive at fracture mechanics parameters like crack size, gross section area stress and the stress for leak before bursting.     

Chloride metallurgy: PGM recovery and titanium dioxide production

This paper examines in detail the thermodynamics and application of chloride metallurgy for the extraction of precious metals, such as gold and silver, and platinum-group metals. The advantages with regard to the solubilities of metal ion species and their reduction potentials in chloride media are discussed with examples. The use of chloride media for the extraction of platinum-group metals from spent autocatalysts and for the production of high-purity pigment-grade TiO₂ and titanium metal from ilmenite feed stocks is discussed in the case studies provided. For more information, contact V.I. Lakshmanan, Process Research Ortech, 2395 Speakman Dr., Mississauga, ON, L5K 1B3 Canada; (905) 822-4941; fax (905) 822-9537.     

Discrete GWO Optimized Data Aggregation for Reducing Transmission Rate in IoT

The conventional hospital environment is transformed into digital transformation that focuses on patient centric remote approach through advanced technologies. Early diagnosis of many diseases will improve the patient life. The cost of health care systems is reduced due to the use of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Embedded systems, Deep learning approaches and Optimization and aggregation methods. The data generated through these technologies will demand the bandwidth, data rate, latency of the network. In this proposed work, efficient discrete grey wolf optimization (DGWO) based data aggregation scheme using Elliptic curve Elgamal with Message Authentication code (ECEMAC) has been used to aggregate the parameters generated from the wearable sensor devices of the patient. The nodes that are far away from edge node will forward the data to its neighbor cluster head using DGWO. Aggregation scheme will reduce the number of transmissions over the network. The aggregated data are preprocessed at edge node to remove the noise for better diagnosis. Edge node will reduce the overhead of cloud server. The aggregated data are forward to cloud server for central storage and diagnosis. This proposed smart diagnosis will reduce the transmission cost through aggregation scheme which will reduce the energy of the system. Energy cost for proposed system for 300 nodes is 0.34μJ. Various energy cost of existing approaches such as secure privacy preserving data aggregation scheme (SPPDA), concealed data aggregation scheme for multiple application (CDAMA) and secure aggregation scheme (ASAS) are 1.3 μJ, 0.81 μJ and 0.51 μJ respectively. The optimization approaches and encryption method will ensure the data privacy.     

Mobile application-based computer-aided diagnosis of skin tumours from dermal images

Skin tumour is defined as the enormous growth of cells in the skin. The aim is to design standalone application for diagnosis of skin tumours. The dermal images of three different types obtained from the authorized PH2 database are used to analyse the defined image processing algorithm. In this algorithm, pre-processing was performed to remove hair cells. Contour-based level set is used to segment lesion from which clinical and morphological features are extracted for classification. Significant features are obtained with the feature selection technique, Random subset. Classification is performed with three classifiers. The efficiency of the classifier obtained with different trials of classification is analysed with the ANOVA test. With these results, the Multiclass Support vector machine was configured as a suitable classifier to categorize dermal images. Therefore, an application is developed for the analysis of images acquired through mobile with the help of a magnification set-up. Thus, extracted features, segmented and original images are transferred to a database for storage.     

Development of porous defects in plasma membranes of adenosine triphosphate-depleted Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and its inhibition by glycine

Studies during the past decade have led to the recognition of a fundamental, widely expressed mechanism of structural damage in energy-deprived cells, which is suppressed by physiologic levels of glycine and is independent of Ca2+ availability or alterations of cytosolic free Ca2+. To gain insight into this process, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were depleted of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a mitochondrial uncoupler in glucose-free medium, and intracellular free Ca2+ was clamped at 100 nM to avoid calcium cytotoxicity. Although the ATP-depleted cells swelled and blebbed and their plasma membranes appeared to be under tension, they nevertheless became permeable to macromolecules. The plasma membranes of these cells retained structural continuity, as determined by morphologic observations, and confocal microscopy of a plasma membrane protein label (Biotin: Ultra Avidin-Texas Red) and a lipid label (NBD-sphingomyelin). Using fluoresceinated dextrans of graded molecular size, membrane permselectivity was examined noninvasively by confocal microscopy. Measured as inside/outside ratios of fluorescence intensity, the permeability indices showed progressively greater restriction to diffusion of increasingly larger dextran molecules across plasma membranes, with sharp break-points between 70,000 and 145,000 daltons (d). The results indicated that the membranes behaved as if they were perforated by water-filled channels or "pores," with size-exclusion limits of molecular dimensions. The membrane defects evolved from small pores permeable only to propidium iodide (668 d) and the smallest dextran (4,000 d), before enlarging with time to become permeable to larger dextrans. Inclusion of glycine during ATP depletion did not affect cell swelling or blebbing but completely prevented the development of permeability defects. Treatment of cells before ATP depletion with a membrane-impermeant homobifunctional "nearest neighbor" cross-linking agent, 3,3' dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate), suppressed the development of permeability defects, even in the absence of glycine. These observations suggest that the cellular abnormality that is suppressed by glycine involves rearrangement of plasma membrane proteins to form water-filled pores large enough to leak macromolecules.