Determination of similar task types by the use of the multidimensional classification method: towards improving quality of working life and job satisfaction

In this paper the entity is defined as the constituent unit of the work group. Actually the entity means the individual worker, supervisor, or task. These entities have respectively their attributes and also contribute to the effectiveness of the design of the work group. Similar types of entities are constructed by considering the interrelations between attributes and effectiveness.

The suggested MDC (multidimensional classification method) is a new method of classifying the entities in relation to the defined attribute space and effectiveness space and of better constructing similar types. From the viewpoint of the operationality of design and redesign of the work group, the MDC is useful to determine rationally the similar types of entities. In fact, in relation to job satisfaction, the similar task types could be successfully constructed by the use of the MDC. As a result, higher job satisfaction could be realized by manipulating the similar task types so determined.

The similar types which are determined by the MDC are useful to create the design rules for manipulating the entities in the process of designing an effective work group. By determining the similar types of workers and supervisors and also adopting work performance and productivity as effectiveness indexes, the methodology can be established for designing an effective work group.     

A multidimensional classification method for finding the design rules of work groups

This paper suggests a new multidimensional classification method (CMDC-II), which is a method for finding the design rules of effective work groups by determining rational combinations of workers, tasks and supervisors. The CMDC-II is a new method for providing design rules from the viewpoint of design goal attainment. The features of our methodology are summarized as follows.

Technical, social and organizational factors are introduced as attributes of task, worker and supervisor.

Goals, criteria, standards and goal sets are integrated into a multidimensional space.

The design rules are found by the use of the CMDC-II.

The design is performed by determining an effective combination of task, worker and supervisor.     

用SPring-8同步辐射研究流体水银的结构变化和金属-非金属转变

随着从液态到气态的连续体积膨胀，在临界点附近，典型的液态金属水银经历了金属-非金属（M-NM）。在Spring-8的BL04B1高温高压实验站，利用同步辐射白光，采用能量色散X射线衍射（EDXD）方法，我们研究了流体水银从液体到稠密气态的宽广密度范围中的结构变化。实验方面，我们成功地开发出一个新的高压容器，它具有7个出射窗口用于收集散射X射线，测量的温度和压力上限分别是1700℃和2000bar，适合于在高温和高压下对流体物质进行能量色散X射线衍射测量。结果表明，流体水银的结构因子S(k)的精确性和可靠性有了很大的提高，并获得了流体水银的配位数和配位距离与密度变化之间的准确关系。我们发现，除了存在由配位数减少所导致的非均匀膨胀阶段之外，在水银的金属-非金属转变时还存在一新的均匀膨胀现象，即配位距离随密度减少呈线性增长阶段。基于这些新的结果，我们提出了流体水银的膨胀模型，并讨论了流体水银的金属-非金属转变与结构的关系。     

TiAl单晶中〈011]超点阵位错滑移的临界分切应力(CRSS)与晶体取向的关系

γ—ＴｉＡｌ单晶中,＜０１１］超点阵位错的运动方向同晶体取向有关、当沿极射投影图００１一１１０—０１０单位三角形的００１－１１１－０２１区域中的取向变形时,ＳＩＳＦ偏位错为领先位错;而沿三角形中其余区域中的取向变形时,ＡＰＢ偏位错为领先位错．在反常温度区域中（即超点阵位错开动的温度范围内）,前者的ＣＲＳＳ较高,形变的热激活焓也较高,＜０１１超点陈位错的脱钉过程更为困难,造成ＣＲＳＳ反常上升的速率较快．     

Optimizing the interaction of technical,social and organizational factors in work groups—an application of the multidimensional classification method

This paper suggests a new multidimensional classification method for finding design rules for work groups from the viewpoint of optimizing the interaction of technical, social and organizational factors in work groups. It is called the contingent multidimensional classification method (CMDC)

For classifying tasks, the CMDC evaluates three kinds of similarities.

(1)Similarity in the attributes of tasks.

(2)Similarity in the effects of tasks.

(3)Similarity in the attributes of worker and supervisors being assigned the tasks.

The effects are measured by such effectiveness indexes as job satisfaction or work performance.

Several design rules are needed to adapt to various situations, because there is no single best rule for designing effective work groups. The diverse design rules for determining interrelationships among constituent units of the work group—task, worker and supervisor—can be found by examining the properties of ‘similar task types’ resulting from classifying tasks by CMDC     

层片状双相TiAl合金拉伸与压缩变形行为差异

本文研究了层片状双相TiAl合金的室温拉伸压缩变形行为与断裂行为,发现在拉压变形条件下,其室温塑性有显著差异.并且这种差异与裂纹扩展路径有关.在室温拉伸与压缩变形时,该合金的拉压屈服应力随外载与层片界面间的夹角φ的变化趋势一致,而拉压断裂应变εf随夹角φ的变化趋势正好相反.外载与层片界面垂直时(φ=90°),拉伸断裂应变最小(εf≈0);压缩断裂应变最大(εf≈38%).夹角φ减小时,拉伸断裂应变增加,压缩断裂应变减小.在拉、压变形时裂纹的扩展路径不同.     

LITHIUM-ION SIEVE PROPERTY OF λ;-TYPE MANGANESE OXIDE

The adsorptive properties of A-Mn0₂for mono and divalent metal ions were investigated by pH titration and by measurements of the distribution coefficients(Kd's) of the metal ions. The pH titration curve showed an apparently monobasic acid type for a H⁺-Li⁺exchange. Those for H⁺-K⁺and H⁺-Cs⁺exchanges were nearly the same as that for blank titration. The lithium ion uptake increased with increasing solution pH and reached 5 meq/g at pH 11. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the adsorption of lithium ions caused an increase in the lattice constant of a cubic unit cell. The potassium and cesium ion uptakes were nearly zero over a pH range between 4 and 11. A-Mn0₂showed a remarkably high Kd value for lithium ions, compared to a cation exchange resin. The selectivity sequences were Na⁺< K⁺< Rb⁺< Cs⁺<< Li⁺for alkali metal ions, Mg²⁺< Ca²⁺< Sr²⁺< Ba²⁺for alkaline earth metal ions, and Ni²⁺< Zn²⁺< Co²⁺< Cu²⁺for transition metal ions.     

Development of High‐Acceleration Linear Motor to Realize Resource Saving and High Productivity

The use of linear motors has been rapidly increasing in recent years in response to the rising demand for drive mechanisms with higher speed and acceleration to improve the throughput of semiconductor production equipment, machine tools, and so on. In this study, we have developed a new type of linear motor with an opposed magnetic pole structure and twin movers. To achieve higher acceleration of a linear motor, it is necessary to satisfy both large thrust and low inertia. In our proposed new type linear motor, the thrust is improved by increasing the facing area between the permanent magnets and magnetic pole teeth by using multistage movers. Furthermore, the magnetic leakage flux is reduced by multiplexing the magnetic flux path. In a short stroke (approximately 210 mm) drive, the high acceleration of 1670 m/s² and maximum velocity of 14.2 m/s is demonstrated using a prototype linear motor (maximum thrust = 25 kN).     

Extension of Mathematical Models Taking Temperature Variation in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors into Consideration

We have developed novel mathematical models of d‐axis and q‐axis magnetic fluxes ?_d and ?_q for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The models can be used to approximate magnetic characteristics using simple fractional equations with i_d and i_q as variables. They include eight constants, and some of them represent the degree of magnetic saturation and cross‐coupling. However, the magnetic characteristics are varied with the temperature rise in PMSMs, which are dependent on the load torque and motor speed. In this paper, the characteristics of the eight constants that vary with the motor temperature and the residual flux density B_r are shown. Further, we propose to extend the mathematical models by considering the temperature and B_r variation.     

Investigation of Degradation and Voltage Response of Lithium‐Ion Battery Based on Impedance and Electromotive Force Measurement

Detailed information on degradation process of lithium‐ion batteries is essential to manage the batteries throughout their lifetime because degradation of the batteries associated with long‐term usage is inevitable. To evaluate degradation degree of the batteries in detail, it is necessary to separately make clear the decrease in output power due to the increase in AC impedance and the decrease in battery capacity caused by the decrease in electromotive force. In this study, therefore, the authors at first propose a new evaluation method of detailed degradation process of lithium‐ion batteries through measurements of AC impedance and electromotive force of degraded batteries. It is made clear that this proposed evaluation method can provide simple but detailed diagnosis of battery degradation degree, indicating usefulness of the proposed method. Next, as a first step for performance simulation of degraded lithium‐ion batteries, the authors make clear that the already developed simulation method of battery transient voltage response, validity of which has been confirmed only for new batteries, is also applicable to degraded batteries.