Accelerated multi-contrast high isotropic resolution 3D intracranial vessel wall MRI using a tailored k-space undersampling and partially parallel reconstruction strategy

Objective

To develop a 3D multi-contrast IVW protocol with 0.5-mm isotropic resolution and a scan time of 5 min per sequence.

Materials and methods

Pre-contrast T1w VISTA, DANTE prepared PDw VISTA, SNAP, and post-contrast T1w VISTA were accelerated using cartesian undersampling with target ordering method (CUSTOM) and self-supporting tailored k-space estimation for parallel imaging reconstruction (STEP). CUSTOM + STEP IVW was compared to full-sample IVW, SENSE-accelerated IVW, and CUSTOM + zero-filled Fourier reconstruction in normal volunteers and subjects with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Image quality, vessel delineation, CSF suppression, and blood suppression were compared.

Results

CUSTOM + STEP vessel wall delineation was comparable to full-sample IVW and better than SENSE IVW for vessel wall delineation on T1w VISTA and luminal contrast on SNAP. Average image quality and wall depiction were significantly improved using STEP reconstruction compared with zero-filled Fourier reconstruction, with no significant difference in CSF or blood suppression.

Conclusions

CUSTOM + STEP allowed multi-contrast 3D 0.5-mm isotropic IVW within 30 min. Although some quantitative and qualitative scores for CUSTOM − STEP were lower than fully sampled IVW, CUSTOM + STEP provided comparable vessel wall delineation as full-sample IVW and was superior to SENSE. CUSTOM + STEP IVW was well tolerated by patients and showed good delineation of ICAD plaque.

     

基于加权混合融合变形的虚拟人情感表达

随着相关技术的发展,基于虚拟现实的人机交互技术越来越受到人们的关注。虚拟人作为一种直观的交互对象,在虚拟现实环境中扮演着十分重要的角色。在构建富有亲和力的虚拟人的过程中,制作虚拟人情感表达不可或缺。目前,主流的三维虚拟人情感表达主要依赖设计师手动制作面部表情动画,过程冗长,耗时费力。针对上述问题,该研究提出一种基于加权混合融合变形的虚拟人情感表达生成方法。该方法可以基于任意给定人脸表情图像,估计出三维虚拟人的目标混合形状(blendshape)的系数,进而自动化生成三维人类表情动画。实验结果表明,该方法具有较强的通用性和可迁移性,可有效减轻设计师制作情感表达面部动画时的工作量。     

H 1NF仿星器标准磁场位形分析与高能量离子运动轨道模拟

本文分析了H 1NF仿星器的磁场线圈组成与分布特征,研究了其在标准运行模式下的磁场位形特点,并模拟计算出高能量离子在该标准磁场位形中的典型运动轨道。基于H 1NF仿星器标准磁场位形的磁轴位置和磁面沿环向角的变化规律,以磁轴为旋转轴,按照旋转规律将不同环向角的极向截面旋转后得到一种旋转坐标系下的等效标定极向截面,并将高能量离子的三维运动轨道投影到这种等效标定极向截面上,从而可更加清晰地显示出高能量离子在该磁场位形中的运动轨道特征。结果表明,H 1NF仿星器中的通行粒子和捕获粒子轨道特征均与一般托卡马克中的相应粒子轨道特征相似,但H 1NF仿星器中的通行粒子轨道在等效标定极向截面上绕几圈后才闭合,H 1NF仿星器中捕获粒子的香蕉轨道没有闭合,且轨道逐渐向磁面外侧漂移,最终可能导致粒子损失。     

河滨220kV智能变电站数字化技术的应用

针对智能变电站施工过程中出现的问题,通过对河滨220kV智能变电站结构及功能进行分析,提出了现场解决方法。应用结果表明：及时总结数字化技术在实际应用中的经验对智能变电站的建设很有必要。     

Transparent Electrothermal Film Defoggers and Antiicing Coatings based on Wrinkled Graphene

Fog, frost, ice, and other natural phenomena can inevitably affect human life and the function of equipment. Therefore, removal or prevention is an urgent problem to be solved. As a new type of 2D material, graphene possesses great application potential in defogging and antiicing. In this work, a graphene film with intentionally increased defects and uniformly distributed wrinkles is synthesized on copper–zinc alloy substrates by chemical vapor deposition, and transparent electrothermal film defoggers are prepared based on such material. The defoggers can completely remove fog within 5 s when supplying a safe voltage of 28 V. The surface resistance of the defoggers is sensitive to humidity and it can monitor the defogging process in real time. Such outstanding performance is attributed to the ultrafast evaporation mechanism, which can prevent excessive water accumulation. The antiicing performance of wrinkled graphene (WG) is further studied. The antiicing coatings can delay freezing for 1.25 h at ?15 °C or 2.8 h at ?10 °C. The superior performance of WG can be explained by its unique surface structure and nanoscale roughness. Taken together, WG is expected to be used in antifog glass, rearview mirror defogging, aircraft surface deicing, and other applications.     

考虑电气转换储能和可再生能源集成的微能源网多目标规划

建立了由电解氢、燃料电池和储气构成的电气转换储能系统(P2G-based storage system,P2GSS)模型,构建了包含风电机组、光伏、冷热电三联供系统、P2GSS和蓄电池等的微能源网。基于全生命周期法计算微能源网全生命周期成本,以全生命周期成本最低和年CO2排放量最小为优化目标,考虑电制冷比例和电制热比例等运行方式的影响,对微能源网的关键设备容量进行多目标优化配置研究。通过不同场景对比,研究了P2GSS对微能源网规划方案的经济成本、CO2排放和可再生能源集成的影响。     

高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强7055Al复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

采用高能球磨结合粉末冶金工艺制备了碳纳米管(CNT)含量(体积分数)分别为0、1%和3%的CNT/7055Al复合材料。采用OM、SEM、TEM以及拉伸实验等方法研究了CNT/7055Al复合材料的CNT分布、晶粒结构、近界面结构及力学性能,分析了复合材料的强化机制和各向异性。结果表明,CNT/7055Al复合材料为无CNT的粗晶区与富集CNT的超细晶区组成的双模态晶粒结构;CNT在Al基体的超细晶区中分散良好,CNT-Al界面干净清洁,界面反应产物少;3%CNT/7055Al复合材料沿挤压方向的抗拉强度达到816 MPa,但延伸率仅为0.5%。细晶强化和Orowan强化是CNT/7055Al复合材料主要的强化机制。由于CNT沿不同方向的增强效率不同以及粗晶条带组织的存在,复合材料表现出比基体合金更强烈的各向异性,在垂直挤压方向的拉伸性能要弱于沿挤压方向的拉伸性能。     

降低电压不平衡度的三相并网逆变器阻尼控制策略

针对低压配电网中单、三相负载并存,导致三相电压失衡,提出三相并网逆变器降低电压不平衡度的阻尼控制策略。基于序分量法建立逆变器功率阻尼控制策略的数学模型,分析其电压不平衡抑制机理,阐明正序控制策略功率输出和阻尼控制策略降低电压不平衡度之间存在弱耦合关系,并在此基础上又进一步提出改进阻尼控制策略,简化了控制难度。对10节点不对称网络进行仿真分析,结果验证文章所提的控制策略能够实现逆变器向外输出有功功率和无功功率的同时,还能降低网络的电压不平衡度。     

Molten waste plastic pyrolysis in a vertical falling film reactor and the influence of temperature on the pyrolysis products

Molten plastics are characterised with high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. Applying falling film pyrolysis reactor to deal with waste plastics can not only improve heat transfer efficiency, but also solve the flow problem.In this work, the pyrolysis process of molten polypropylene(PP) in a vertical falling film reactor is experimentally studied, and the influence of heating temperature on pyrolysis products is discussed. It has been found that with the temperature increases from 550 ℃ to 625 ℃, the yield of pyrolysis oil decreases from 74.4 wt%(± 2.2 wt%) to53.5 wt%(±1.3 wt%). The major compositions of the pyrolysis oil are C_9, C_(12) and C_(18), and β-scission reactions are predominant. The content of the light fraction C_6-C_(12) of pyrolysis oil is 69.7 wt%. Compared with other pyrolysis reactors, the yield of oil from vertical falling film pyrolysis reactor is slightly higher than that from tubular reactor,equal to that from rotary kiln reactor, and slightly lower than that in medium fluidised-bed reactor.