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随着我国碳中和目标的不断推进和能源转型的加速,电力市场的重要性日益增加,这对虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)参与电力市场提出了新的挑战与机遇。针对VPP如何优化能量-调频市场竞价策略以实现利益最大化的问题,提出了一种VPP参与能量-调频市场的最优竞价策略研究方法。首先,介绍并分析了日前电力市场机制;其次,基于 Stackelberg博弈原理,构建了 VPP参与电能量市场和调频辅助服务市场的双层决策模型,其中上层模型以最大化VPP预期收益为目标,下层模型则以最小化系统出清成本为目标;然后,利用(karush-kuhn-tucker,KKT)条件将双层模型简化为一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解;最后,通过算例分析验证所提出交易决策模型的合理性和有效性。算例表明,VPP通过策略性报价能在市场中获得更多的收益。 相似文献
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The intersection point of the characteristic magnetic field line (CMFL) crossing the anode boundary with the discharge channel wall,and its influence on thruster performance and the energy and flux of ions bombarding the channel wall,have been studied numerically.The simulation results demonstrate that with the increase in distance from the crossover point of the CMFL with the channel wall to the bottom of the thruster channel,the ionization rate in the discharge channel gradually increases;meanwhile,the ion energy and ion current density bombarding the channel wall decreases.When the point of the CMFL with the channel wall is at the channel outlet,the thrust,specific impulse,and efficiency are at a maximum,while the ion energy and ion current density bombarding the channel wall are at a minimum.Therefore,to improve the performance and lifetime of the thruster,it is important to control the point of intersection of the CMFL with the channel wall. 相似文献
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In order to realize the thrust estimation of the Hall thruster during its flight mission, this study establishes an estimation method based on measurement of the Hall drift current. In this method, the Hall drift current is calculated from an inverse magnetostatic problem, which is formulated according to its induced magnetic flux density detected by sensors, and then the thrust is estimated by multiplying the Hall drift current with the characteristic magnetic flux density of the thruster itself. In addition, a three-wire torsion pendulum micro-thrust measurement system is utilized to verify the estimate values obtained from the proposed method. The errors were found to be less than 8% when the discharge voltage ranged from 250 V to 350 V and the anode flow rate ranged from 30 sccm to 50 sccm, indicating the possibility that the proposed thrust estimate method could be practically applied. Moreover, the measurement accuracy of the magnetic flux density is suggested to be lower than 0.015 mT and improvement on the inverse problem solution is required in the future. 相似文献
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综采放顶煤工作面上覆岩层的破坏和冒落是一个复杂的力学过程。用相似材料模拟试验法,对放顶煤开采上覆岩层运动和矿压显现规律进行研究,得出了上覆岩层运动特点和工作支承压力分布规律,并对顶煤破碎与支承压力的关系进行了分析,为工作面矿压控制参数选择提供了依据。 相似文献