聚氯乙烯弹性体气候老化性能研究

将聚氯乙烯(PVC)弹性体试样进行户外曝晒试验,对试样老化前后的外观、力学性能、扫描电镜、红外光谱等试验结果进行分析比较,考察了光、热、氧对PVC弹性体气候老化性能的影响。研究结果表明:曝晒6个月后PVC的外观暗淡但有韧性,出现少量裂纹,分布也不均匀;拉伸强度逐渐增加,而断裂伸长率逐渐下降,16个月时下降到73.26%。导致断裂伸长率下降和拉伸强度逐渐增加的原因是DOP增塑剂的慢慢挥发。PVC样品经过16个月的曝晒后的红外光谱显示:波峰1620cm-1的出现说明有C=C存在,波峰969cm-1的消失说明高分子中的CH2断裂,这些都是分子老化所造成的。最后通过数学建模应用软件计算16个月后的断裂伸长率,预测可知:PVC弹性体在户外暴露30个月后就失去使用价值。     

Phase representation and property determination of raw materials of solid lubricant

The composition, microstructure, mechanical and frictional properties of PTFE and its fillers were represented and analyzed by XRD, SEM, DSC, XPS and large-scale polarizing microscope. The results show that PTFE has a flocculent structure with high melt temperature and decomposition temperature, big contact angle and crystallinity, and low surface hardness, compression strength, friction coefficient, wearing capacity and surface energy. Cooling rate influenced the friction coefficient and wear resistance. Graphite and molybdenum disulfide have a flake structure, and molybdenum disulfide has a big contact angle and low surface energy. Copper powder has a globular structure and its chief component is Cu-Pb alloy, and there is a loose layer on the surface. Carbon fiber has a rod structure and there are C=O and C-O-C polar groups on the skeleton surface. The decreasing order of water absorption capacity is graphite, carbon fiber, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE and copper powder.     

CLSM法检测海藻酸对体内油脂水解的影响

通过荧光染料尼罗红在激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)下记录的信号强度,研究了海藻酸对乳液中油脂在体内消化过程的影响。尼罗红仅对乳液中油脂具有染色作用,因而可以显示油脂的变化。结果表明,海藻酸在胃部能够保持乳液颗粒结构,但存在一定凝聚。而海藻酸在小肠中能明显抑制脂肪酶对油脂的水解。