Purification and characterization of extracellular chitinase from a novel strain Aspergillus fumigatus CS-01

Twelve samples derived from different locations in south central area of China are treated by enrichment and spread-plate technique for initial screening. Seven chitinase-producing strains are isolated. The chitinase present in the culture supernatant of strain CS-01 possesses the maximum activity of 0.118 U/mL. Analysis of the morphological feature and the ITS rDNA sequence reveals that strain CS-01 belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of the chitinase is regulated by a inducible way and the maximum activity appears at 36 h in colloidal chitin culture. Purification of the chitinase is carried out by salting out, gel filtrate chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially. Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE indicate that the chitinase from A. fumigatus CS-01 is a monomer with the relative molecular mass estimated to be 4.50×10⁴. Its maximum activity appears at pH 5 and 55 °C. The chitinase is stable at pH 4.0–7.5 and below 45 °C. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Identification and fermentation optimization of protopectinase-overproducing strain Aspergillus niger CD-01 for pectin production

In order to solve the citrus peel resource waste problem and minimize the drawbacks of chemical extraction of pectin, a protopectinase-overproducing strain CD-01 for pectin production was isolated from a pit soil dumped with perished orange in Changde City, Hunan Province of China. The strain CD-01 had the same morphology and 28S rRNA gene sequence (FJ184995) as that of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 64028). It was thus identified and named as Aspergillus niger CD-01. The fermentation condition was optimized based on L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design and the variances analyses. The results show that the optimal condition for producing pectin is as follows: time 36 h, temperature 35 °C, pH 5, and urea as the nitrogen source. Under this condition, the pectin yield can reach up to 24.5%. This shows a great potential of Aspergillus niger CD-01 in pectin extraction from citrus. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

数字化本质安全型UPS的设计

文章介绍了一种数字化的矿用本质安全型UPS的工作原理、硬件、软件设计。针对井下特殊环境,该电源设计了双重过流、过压保护、电池过放保护功能,并可根据客户要求准确输出4种不同电压来满足电器设备使用。该电源通过数字化控制,电路更简易、功能更灵活,具有较高的应用价值。     

爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(I)：一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究

与岩体构造层次相关的摆型波现象正逐渐形成非线性岩石力学的重要研究方向,并在诱发地震、岩爆及其他地震动事件的研究中展现出了重要的应用前景。利用自行研制的块系岩体动态力学性能测试试验系统,进行一维块系岩体模型的波动特性试验研究,测得一维冲击条件下块体振动的的频谱、振幅、波速特征,获得了迥异于连续介质中波动特性的摆型波特征现象,试验结果表明：一维冲击作用下,在冲击振动通过块系构造岩体向前传播的过程中,发生了从高频振动向低频振动的转移;相邻岩块间发生位移相差很大、甚至位移符号相反的相互对应的摆动;随着冲击比例距离的增加,块系岩体各块体加速度、位移幅值按指数形式衰减;摆型波传播的速度远远小于连续介质中纵波的传播速度,主要取决于块体间的裂隙宽度以及块体的运动速度。     

Growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 grown on different substrates

The growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 isolated from an acid hot spring in Tengchong,Yunnan Province,China were investigated cultured on different substrates including soluble substrate ferrous sulfate and nonsoluble solid substrates S~0,pyrite and chalcopyrite.The growth characteristics of the cells in each substrate were characterized with the changes in cell number,pH,E_h,and concentrations of Fe~(2+)or SO_4~(2-),or ratios of[Fe~(2+)]to[Fe~...     

A new strain Acidithiobacillus albertensis BY-05 for bioleaching of metal sulfides ores

An acidophilic,rod-shaped Gram-negative sulfur oxidizing strain BY-05 was isolated from an acid mine drainage of copper ore in Baiyin area,Gansu Province,China.Ultrastructural studies show that the isolate has a tuft of polar flagella and possesses sulfur granules with clear membrane adhering to the cell innermembrane.Physiological study shows that this isolate grows autotrophically and aerobically by oxidizing S0and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds(SO, 2 23-SO, 2 24- S2 -and ZnS)with the optimum growth at pH 3.5-4.0 and at the temperature range of 25-30℃.The 16S rRNA gene sequence(DQ 423683)of strain BY-05 has 100%sequence similarity to that of Acidithiobacillus albertensis(DSM 14366).So it is identified and named as A. albertensis BY-05.Bioleaching experiments with this new strain show that it can play an important role in recovery of metals from chalcopyrite and sphalerite.     

PPLive协议分析及流量识别

近年来兴起的P2P流媒体应用造成了网络带宽的巨大消耗，精确识别P2P流量具有很强的实际意义。通过抓取PPLive的流量数据进行协议分析，主要关注系统获取节点列表方式、资源交换方式和数据传输方式等实现方法，进而总结协议特征，提出了一种基于协议分析的PPLive流量识别方法。     

Biosorption mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) onto cells of Synechococcus sp.

The biosorption mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) ions on Synechococcus sp. biosorbent was studied by analyzing the biosorption kinetics as well as speciation change and bond formation during the biosorption process. The kinetics study shows that the adsorption process of Cr (Ⅵ) consists of a very fast stage in the first several minutes, in which more than half of the saturation adsorption is attained, and a slower stage that approximately follows the first order kinetic model, basically Freundlich isotherm models were observed. Comparative studies of FT-IR spectra of K_2Cr_2O_7, free cells of Synechococcus sp., and Cr-bound cells of Synechococcus sp. show that the speciation of chromium that binds to the cells of Synechococcus sp. is Cr (Ⅲ), instead of Cr (Ⅵ), and the carboxylic, alcoholic, amido and amino groups may be involved in the binding of Cr (Ⅲ). Integrative analyses of the surface electric potential, the effect of pH value on adsorption behavior of Cr (Ⅵ), and the results of FT-IR show that the biosorption of Cr (Ⅵ) follows two subsequent steps, biosorption of Cr_2O_(7~)2-))by electrostatical force at the protonated active sites and reduction of Cr_2O_(7~(2-)) to Cr3+ by the reductive groups on the surface of the biosorbents.     

铌矿浮选药剂研究进展及生物预处理新思路

根据铌矿浮选药剂的现状,本文综述了脂肪酸类捕收剂、羟肟酸类捕收剂、膦酸类捕收剂及胂酸类捕收剂与铌矿物作用机理。针对铌矿物捕收剂在捕收能力及选择性等方面存在的问题,提出了对开发新型铌矿物捕收剂的要求。总结了铌矿浮选调整剂的研究现状,指出了脉石矿物有效抑制剂研究是铌矿浮选调整剂研究的重点。对于铌矿的浮选,目前大多数研究是采用传统的化学药剂来改变铌矿物与其它矿物间的可浮性差异,效果仍不理想。本文通过分析含铌矿物的特点,提出了铌矿生物预处理新思路。应用生物预处理对目的矿物和脉石矿物表面进行改性,达到扩大目的矿物与脉石矿物可浮性差异的目的,以实现铌矿物的高效回收。     

古菌生物浸出黄铜矿过程中的表观硫氧化活性表征

对4株纯的极端嗜热古菌及它们的混合菌在生物浸出黄铜矿过程中的硫氧化活性进行对比研究。结果表明,混合菌比纯菌拥有更高的硫氧化活性,它大幅度促进黄铜矿浸出率的提高。表征嗜热古菌硫氧化活性的参数值通常受很多因素的影响,以致在不同的硫氧化菌和不同的条件下生物浸出黄铜矿时,这些参数很难准确地反映出相应的硫氧化活性。因此,期待找到一种能有效表征浸矿菌硫氧化活性的方法。