静电纺丝技术制备无机物纳米纤维的最新研究进展

静电纺丝技术近年来在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是最简单有效的方法之一,已经用这种方法成功地制备了不同的纳米纤维.本文对静电纺丝法做了较全面的总结,对机理和改进方法进行了介绍,对影响因素做了细致的分析,还对无机纳米纤维的应用做了简单的展望.     

静电纺丝技术制备PVP纳米纤维与表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纳米纤维,研究了浓度、电压等实验条件对纤维形貌的影响。SEM分析表明:随浓度和电压不断升高,纤维形貌呈现规律性的变化。在浓度和电压较高的情况下,首次制备了空心管束结构的PVP纳米纤维。TGA-DTA分析表明:632.92℃纤维完全被氧化。XRD表明:制备的PVP纤维为无定型态。。     

Eu,Dy共掺铝硼酸盐长余辉玻璃陶瓷的研究

选择铝硼酸盐基质玻璃,在空气气氛和还原气氛下分别制备了稀土Eu,Dy共杂的铝硼酸盐基质透明的玻璃,并将还原气氛下制备的样品经过热处理制备出了玻璃陶瓷.利用荧光光谱仪对样品进行了测试,分析了长余辉发光玻璃的光谱特性.结果表明:不管是空气气氛条件下还是还原气氛下制备的双掺Eu和Dy的铝硼酸盐玻璃样品均不具备长余辉发光性能,只有玻璃陶瓷样品具有长余辉发光现象,发光峰位于485nm,样品的发光持续时间长达8h以上.     

乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯微球

采用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,对制备条件进行了研究。电镜分析表明,PS微球平均粒径约为35nm,且随乳化剂浓度的增加而减小。PS微球易溶于非极性或弱极性溶剂,而不溶于极性溶剂中。XRD分析表明,PS微球为非晶结构。     

Direct fabrication of cerium oxide hollow nanofibers by electrospinning

Electrospinning technique was used to fabricate PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite mierofibers. Different morphological CeO2 nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite microfibers and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and (FHR). SEM micrographs indicated that the surface of the composite fibers was smooth and became coarse with the increase of calcination temperatures. The diameters of CeO2 hollow nanofibers (300 nm at 600 ℃ and 600 nm at 800 ℃) were smaller than those of PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite fibers (1-2 μm). CeO2 hollow nanofibers were obtained at 600 ℃ and CeO2 hollow and porous nanofibers formed by nanoparti-ties were obtained at 800 ℃. The length of the CeO2 hollow nanofibers was greater than 50 μm. XRD analysis revealed that the composite microfibers were amorphous in structure and CeO2 nanofibers were cubic in structure with space groupO5H-FM3m when calcination tem-peratures were 600-800 ℃. TG-DTA and FTIR revealed that the formation of CeO2 nanofibers was largely influenced by the calcination temperatures. Possible formation mechanism of CeO2 hollow nanofibers was proposed.     

无机/高分子核壳结构纳米粒子的研究进展

核壳结构纳米粒子具有许多不同于单组分胶体粒子的独特性质,是构筑新型功能复合材料的重要组元。本文综述了近年来无机／高分子核壳结构纳米粒子的主要制备方法,包括表面沉积法、聚合法、自组装技术,简要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的表征技术及应用。