超滤-反渗透集成工艺处理玉米酒糟废水

研究了玉米酒精生产过程中产生的玉米酒糟废水的膜分离过程,开发了处理玉米酒糟废水的超滤-反渗透集成工艺。超滤选用截留相对分子质量为6 000的GR81PP膜平板分离器,入口压力控制为0.6 MPa,操作温度为50℃;反渗透选用标准脱盐率为90%的ESNAI-4040卷式膜分离器,入口压力控制为2.2 MPa,操作温度为40℃。反渗透透过液中蛋白质的平均截留率为94.70%,甘油的平均截留率为65.15%,COD值降到1 000 mg/L左右,可作为工艺回用水,而且反渗透浓缩液中可回收甘油等有用物质,超滤浓缩液可浓缩成饲料,节能效果显著。     

Chitosan and <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-cyclodextrin microspheres as pulmonary sustained delivery systems

Chitosan and β-cyclodextrin were used to prepare microspheres with theophylline for pulmonary delivery by spray drying method. The characteristics, mucociliotoxicity, permeation rate and drug release were studied. The drug entrapments of microspheres Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were from 35.70% to 21.09% and 13.33%, while yields and encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 45% and about 90% respectively. The microspheres possessed low tap densities （0.34-0.48 g/cm^3）, appropriate diameters （3.35-3.94 μm） and theoretical aerodynamics diameters （2.20-3.04 μm）. SEM images showed the microspheres were spherical with smooth or wrinkled surface surfaces. FT-IR demonstrated theophylline had formed hydrogen bonds with chitosan and fl-cyclodextrin. The microspheres could effectively reduce the ciliotoxicity and easy to penetrate the memberine. The in vitro release of the microspheres was related to the ratio of drug/polymer and microspheres Ⅱ had a prolong release, providing the release of 72.00% in 12 h. The results suggestes that chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres Ⅱ are a promising carrier as sustained release for pulmonary delivery.     

石油储运工程投资确定与实例分析

阐述了石油储运工程项目投资确定的依据、编制方法及在编制过程中应注意的问题,以典型建设项目资料为基础,对投资指标进行分析。     

在项目前期阶段控制工程造价

阐述工程造价的有效控制关键在于项目前期阶段,并分析了在投资决策和设计阶段如何对工程造价进行有效控制.     

“零排放”污水处理工艺及投资分析

阐述了“零排放”污水处理的工艺方法以及项目投资的确定,并分析了项目的投资指标及运行成本.     

凝胶剂的研究进展

凝胶剂是近年来兴起的一种药物新剂型,该文参考及整理近几年的文献,总结并归纳了凝胶剂的研究进展。本文从凝胶剂的基质、制备工艺、新技术在凝胶剂中的应用发展、临床应用等方面分别对其阐述。