Stability analysis of shallow tunnels subjected to seepage with strength reduction theory

Based on strength reduction theory, the stability numbers of shallow tunnels were investigated within the framework of upper and lower bound theorems of limit analysis. Stability solutions taking into account of water seepage were presented and compared with those without considering seepage. The comparisons indicate that the maximum difference does not exceed 3.7%, which proves the present method credible. The results show that stability numbers of shallow tunnels considering seepage are much less than those without considering seepage, and that the difference of stability numbers between considering seepage and without considering seepage increase with increasing the depth ratio. The stability numbers decrease with increasing permeability coefficient and groundwater depth. Seepage has significant effects on the stability numbers of shallow tunnels.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Influences of nonassociated flow rules on seismic bearing capacity factors of strip footing on soil slope by energy dissipation method

Seismic bearing capacity factors of a strip footing placed on soil slope were determined with both associated and nonassociated flow rules. Quasi-static representation of earthquake effects using a seismic coefficient concept was adopted for seismic bearing capacity calculations. A multi-wedge translational failure mechanism was used to obtain the seismic bearing capacity factors for different seismic coefficients and various inclined angles. Employing the associated flow rule, numerical results were compared with the published solutions. For bearing capacity factors related to cohesion and equivalent surcharge load, the maximum difference approximates 0.1%. However, the difference of bearing capacity factor related to unit weight is larger. With the two flow rules, the seismic bearing capacity factors were presented in the form of design charts for practical use. The results show that seismic bearing capacity factors related to the cohesion, the equivalent surcharge load and the unit weight increase greatly as the dilatancy angle increases, and that the nonassociated flow rule has important influences on the seismic bearing capacity.     

Analytical solution to rock pressure acting on three shallow tunnels subjected to unsymmetrical loads

According to the interaction of three shallow tunnels with large section, the analytical solution to rock pressure has been derived and discussed. The load model is given when the bilateral tunnels are excavated. According to the model, the stresses of three tunnels and single tunnel are calculated and compared to analyze the distribution characteristics, where the stresses are influenced by controlling factors of clear distance, covering depth and inclination angle of ground surface. The results show that, in general, the bias distribution is more serious. Therefore, it is significant to settle down the load model of three shallow tunnels so as to determine the measure of reinforcement and design the structure of support. The model and results can be used as a theoretical basis in designation and further research of the three shallow tunnels.     

岩土工程中极限分析数值模拟的研究进展

评述极限分析数值模拟在岩土工程中的发展和应用情况。介绍应用有限元和极限原理相结合的刚塑性有限元法及常用的线性规划法和非线性规划法等优化方法，并与条分法及弹塑性有限元进行比较。     

劈裂注浆扩散半径及压力衰减分析

本文假设浆液在裂缝中的流动符合达西定律，劈裂注浆在土体中形成的裂缝宽度为均匀裂缝宽度，推导出劈裂注浆的注浆压力沿裂缝长度的衰减规律以及裂缝在土体中的扩散规律，并用数值分析的结果证明了这些规律的可靠性。随后分析了多孔注浆时的相互影响，得出最优注浆孔数量及其布置方式，同时推导出多孔同时注浆时各个主流线上注浆压力的大小以及此时的浆液扩散半径。     

Displacement and deformation analysis for uplift piles

On the assumptions that the shear resistance increases linearly with increasing shear displacement between the uplift pile and surrounding soil, that the axis force is distributed as parabola along the pile length, that elastic distortion occurs when the pile is loaded, that the displacement of pile is in accord with that of the soil, and that the uplift pile failure is regarded as the soil failure, a rational calculation method was proposed for calculating the deformation, ultimate displacement and shear resistance of piles. The distributions of frictional resistance and the shear displacement along the pile length were obtained with the method. The comparisons were made between the measurement results and the present results. The present theoretical results agree well with the measurement results, with the average difference being less than 12% before failure. The comparisons show that the proposed method is reasonable for uplift design and engineering construction of piles.     

Pile-soil stress ratio in bidirectionally reinforced composite ground by considering soil arching effect

To discuss the soil arching effect on the load transferring model and sharing ratios by the piles and inter-pile subsoil in the bidirectionally reinforced composite ground, the forming mechanism, mechanical behavior and its effect factors were discussed in detail. Then, the unified strength theory was introduced to set up the elastoplastic equilibrium differential equation of the subsoil under the limit equilibrium state. And from the equation, the solutions were derived with the corresponding formulas pres...     

大颗粒红砂岩高填方路基强夯加固理论与试验研究

假设夯坑周边隆起量较小,夯坑下土柱的侧向变形可忽略,夯坑的体积等于土体夯后孔隙减小的体积,强夯前后土柱质量不变,按照体积相同的原则等效为一圆柱体,推导出大颗粒土体在夯击时其压实度、孔隙比与有效影响深度的理论计算公式以及夯沉量、孔隙比、压实度与夯击能量之间的理论计算公式,利用这一理论对常吉高速公路的路基加固进行施工设计。研究结果表明：理论计算结果与实测结果较吻合,证实了上述理论的有效性;强夯后土体的压缩模量提高15％,夯沉量随夯击次数的增加而逐渐减小。     

偏压隧道结构稳定性评价的信息优化分析

将影响偏压隧道结构稳定性的因素概括为4个指标，即围岩超欠挖量，隧道稳定性系数，地震烈度和隧道偏压比。然后对每个指标收集若干组原始数据信息。利用原始数据，根据信息优化理论建立原始数据信息与偏压隧道结构稳定性关系，对结构稳定性进行评价，经过计算分析和工程检验，证实了该方法的可靠性。