超级蒙特卡罗核计算仿真软件系统SuperMC

蒙特卡罗方法对于复杂核系统的模拟具有明显优势,然而在实际工程应用中存在巨大的挑战,如复杂结构与材料分布精准建模难度大、计算收敛速度慢、海量数据难以及时有效分析等。超级蒙特卡罗核计算仿真软件系统SuperMC设计为支持以辐射输运为核心,包含燃耗、辐射源项/剂量/生物危害、材料活化与嬗变等的综合中子学计算,支持热工水力学、结构力学、化学、生物学等多物理耦合模拟。SuperMC目前已发展了精准建模、高效计算、四维可视化等关键技术,通过2 000余个国际基准模型及实验的验证与确认,在反应堆工程等方面获得广泛应用,本文对其发展概况进行介绍。     

基于CFD/CSD耦合的声气动弹性时域仿真

传统的声振环境,只考虑了给定声场环境下的结构响应分析,这个给定的声场孤立于结构本身,忽略了声场、结构、流体的耦合效应,因此声气动弹性耦合这种多力学场的研究具有重要意义.基于此,提出了一种基于CFD/CSD 耦合的声气动弹性数值仿真策略,相比传统的声振环境预示方法,该方法考虑了声载荷(脉动压力场)与结构的耦合关系.该文首先采用有限体积法离散Euler方程,对二维的NACA0012 翼型进行求解,来验证非定常气动力的准确性.然后通过CFD/CSD 耦合计算三维AGARD445.6 机翼的非定常气动力,在时域内推进结构运动方程,得到弹性响应的结构历程,记录每一时刻的气动载荷,并运用声气动弹性分析的思想对机翼表面的声压级进行计算,证实了声气动弹性分析方法的可行性.     

Leaf Sequencing Algorithm Based on MLC Shape Constraint

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) requires the determination of the appropriate multileaf collimator settings to deliver an intensity map. The purpose of this work was to attempt to regulate the shape between adjacent multileaf collimator apertures by a leaf sequencing algorithm. To qualify and validate this algorithm, the integral test for the segment of the multileaf collimator of ARTS was performed with clinical intensity map experiments. By comparisons and analyses of the total number of monitor units and number of segments with benchmark results, the proposed algorithm performed well while the segment shape constraint produced segments with more compact shapes when delivering the planned intensity maps, which may help to reduce the multileaf collimator’s specific effects.     

Radiotherapy reliability analysis based on PSA method

The reliability of radiotherapy was evaluated and effective approaches were obtained in order to improve radiotherapy quality by using the Probabilistic Safety Assessment(PSA) method. This study investigated the feasibility of the PSA method being applied to radiotherapy through Image-guided Radiotherapy(IGRT) and chest tumor irradiation. A fault tree has been constructed after analyzing causal relationship of the events.After calculating Risk A, a total inaccuracy radiotherapy probability and the importance of all base events were obtained. The probability of inaccurate radiotherapy was 2.87%. Under the condition that the target delineation was perfectly right, the accuracy of radiotherapy significantly improved. With the calculation without Conebeam Computed Tomography(CBCT) being corrected before irradiation, the accuracy significantly decreased.The most important events were connected with the human factor. Improving human technical level could enhance radiotherapy quality control efficiently.     

CFD/CSD耦合声气动弹性时域仿真研究

提出了一种基于计算空气动力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合的声气动弹性时域仿真方法。空气动力学和气动声学分别采用大涡模拟和Lighthill声比拟理论进行计算,结构动力学采用模态叠加的方法进行计算。以运载器舱体为研究对象,通过计算得到了舱体结构响应的时间历程,分析了舱体表面由于涡的破碎和融合的演变所产生脉动压力引起结构瞬态响应的机理。通过对中低频段声气动弹性的分析应用,验证了CFD/CSD耦合的声气动弹性计算方法的可行性。     

三维医学图像配准在图像引导放疗中的应用

为了确定病人的摆位误差,实现精确放疗,提出一种改进的Demons弹性配准算法。采用FDK算法对锥形束CT(CBCT)图像进行三维重建,利用可视化工具包 (VTK)体绘制法可视化重建结果;在分割与配准工具包 (ITK)基础上实现Demons算法,并基于对称梯度的思想,将参考图像和浮动图像的梯度场信息加入到Demons算法中,给出新的Demons形变力公式。分别使用单模态和多模态医学图像进行配准实验,结果显示改进的Demons算法与原始Demons算法相比,配准速度更快、精度更高。基于对称梯度的Demons算法更适用于图像引导放射治疗中CBCT重建图像与CT计划图像间的配准。     

Multi-objective optimization of inverse planning for accurate radiotherapy

The multi-objective optimization of inverse planning based on the Pareto solution set, according to the multi-objective character of inverse planning in accurate radiotherapy, was studied in this paper. Firstly, the clinical requirements of a treatment pl     

基于激光双曝光全息干涉技术对亚音速射流流场密度的研究

射流是一种特殊的流动,对它外部速度场和密度场的研究,将有利于风能交流引信发电机外形设计.研究采用激光双曝光全息干涉技术,得到马赫数 M =0.6时射流场有模型的干涉图像,经过计算得到射流场密度分布.为定量测量射流装置外流场和风能交流引信发电机周围流场密度提供了一种新的分析方法.     

结合增强现实的医用加速器碰撞检测方法

针对肿瘤放射治疗中的加速器机械碰撞问题,提出一种增强现实环境下基于Unity3D的碰撞检测方法。基于三维建模软件3ds Max对医用直线加速器、治疗床等设备进行准确建模,基于病人CT由移动立方体算法得到三维可视化图像,并据此在USTC系列人体模型数据库中匹配体型符合程度最高的模型;编写脚本以对模型进行运动控制及刚体特性处理,基于Unity3D进行碰撞检测并规划设计GUI界面以进行用户操作和信息反馈;将三维模拟场景发布到Universal Windows平台并部署到增强现实设备HoloLens上。针对病床（病人）的三组空间位置进行测试,检测结果均与实际情况相符合,并得到了准确的反馈信息。测试结果表明,该碰撞检测方法检测结果准确,人机交互方便,增强现实环境下,展示效果直观,具有很好的应用前景。     

射流噪声抑制的数值方法——共轴射流的研究

由于喷气飞机中发动机产生的气动噪声是飞行时的主要噪音之一,因此射流噪声的研究具有重要的意义。文章结合CFD技术与气动噪声时域理论求解共轴喷管的射流噪声。首先采用雷诺平均N-S方程求解器对射流的三维流场进行了数值模拟。通过数值模拟,得到了共轴喷管马赫数为0.75的流场特性。然后结合lighthill声比拟理论研究了流场产生的气动噪声。结果发现,由于次级流对主流的影响,导致射流流场结构改变,剪切层内的大尺度涡减小,与常规单喷管射流噪声相比共轴射流有所改善,特别是在高频段喷流噪声有明显减小。