凉水河污染对土壤和地下水的影响

在凉水河下游取河床底泥及河床下部土样,分析其NH3-N、磷和有机物的变化,发现底泥对NH3-N和磷的去除发挥了很大作用,分别是下部土壤吸附量的10倍和1倍多;土中5种氯代烃均有检出,是河水长期渗漏积累的结果。凉水河流域内的野外试验结果表明,凉水河对地下水存在污染,污染组分主要是CODCr,NH3-N也有一定污染,其他无机污染组分如NO3-N,Cr6+,TP和Pb2+对地下水的影响较小,氯代烃对地下水也有一定影响。据推测,凉水河污染对地下水的影响范围大概在河两侧80 m范围内。     

污染河流中苯系物对浅层 地下水影响的室内模拟试验

为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响,室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质,以生活污 水模拟污染河流,68d以后发现,苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32.06%、21.39%和 27.13%。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76.26%、81.40%和87.99%,3号柱为68.94%、74.41%和 81.69%,粗砂小于中砂,并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大,其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分 浓度随深度呈递减趋势,苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0.4m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物 的迁移和转化特征,苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解,其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。     

包气带中铅的垂直污染机理研究

通过对 3种不同介质的包气带对排污河渠中铅的去除模拟实验研究发现 ,不同的介质对排污河渠中的铅都具有去除和净化的功能 ,并且随着包气带深度的增加 ,铅的去除率逐渐升高 ;不同的介质对铅的去除效果不同 ,中砂对铅的去除明显优于粗砂 .铅去除的机理为吸附和沉淀 .包气带对铅去除的影响因素有 :介质的颗粒大小、不均匀系数、粘粒物质含量、温度、pH值等 .铅一般截留于土壤和沉积物中 ,不会造成对地下水的污染     

Influence on shallow ground water by nitrogen in polluted river

The main purpose of the research is to discuss the influence on ground water by NH₄-N in polluted river and river bed. In the lab-scale experiment three kinds of natural sand were chosen as infiltration medium, and polluted rivers were simulated by domestic sewage, after 10-month sand column test it was found that NH₄-N came to adsorption saturation on the 17th day in coarse sand and on the 130∼140th day in medium sand, then had a higher effluent concentration because of desorption. It is concluded that NH₄-N easily moved to ground water. When the concentration of NH₄-N in Liangshui River were 46.86, 26.95 mg/L, that in groundwater are less than 1.10 mg/L. It is found that Liangshui River have a little influence on groundwater because of bottom mud, thickness and character of the infiltration medium under the river bed and seepage quantity of river water. Clean water leaching test states that after the silt is cleared away and clean water is poured, NH₄-N in the penetration media under the polluted river is obviously carried into ground water, and ground water is polluted secondly. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40772165)     

郑州市农村饮用水水质评价

为了解决农村饮水安全问题,郑州市进行了农村饮用水水质评价.全市共布设255个水质取样点,水质检测项目约21项,以生活饮用水卫生标准作为水质评价标准.评价结果为:氟化物超标率为10.20%,主要分布在荥阳市北部、登封市西南、新郑市东南、中牟县南部;溶解性总固体超标率为23.81%,总硬度超标率为43.92%,硝酸盐(以氮计)超标率为21.68%,硫酸盐超标率为14.12%,氯化物超标率为10.20%,郑州市苦咸水、浅层地下水污染区域主要分布在巩义市伊洛河两侧、郑州市区—中牟县贾鲁河两侧、新密市—新郑市双洎河两侧、登封市颍河两侧、巩义市米河—上街区汜水河两侧.     

Influence on shallow ground water by heavy metal in polluted river

The main purpose of the research is to study the influence on shallow ground water by heavy metal in polluted river. In the lab-scale experiment polluted rivers were simulated by domestic sewage, and three kinds of natural sand were chosen as infiltration medium, it was found that Cr（Ⅵ）penetrated on the 13th day and then had a removal ratio of 77%-99% in coarse sand,over 91% and 96% in two kinds of medium sand. From beginning to end in column 2 and column 3 the removal ratio of lead were greater than 97%. It is difficult for Cr（Ⅵ） and lead to enter ground water. In on-site test it indicates that the concentration of Cr（Ⅵ） in No.1-3 and coal yard well along the bank of Liangshui River is not greater than background concentration in groundwater, so Cr （Ⅵ） in Liangshui River has a little influence on ground water. The mechanism of Cr（Ⅵ） removal is reducing action and sedimentation. The removal mechanism of lead primarily is chemical adsorption and generation deposit. Cr（Ⅵ） mainly is transformed to precipitation by reducing action because of abundant reduction agent in the infiltration media, so the tests indicat that polluted river is not the source of Cr （Ⅵ） pollution in ground water. Generally lead may polluted soil, but not groundwater.