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成本管理是指以工程项目为对象,以价值的形式,通过预测、计划、控制、核算、分析和考核,运用一系列专门方法,对工程项目生产活动进行指导、协调、监督和控制的一种经济管理活动。其目的是在保证满足工程质量、工期等合同要求的前提下,对项目实施过程中所发生的费用,通过计划、组织、控制和协调等活动实现预定的成本目标,并尽可能地降低成本费用。 相似文献
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Transmission network planning (TNP) is a large-scale, complex, with more non-linear discrete variables and the multi-objective constrained optimization problem. In the optimization process, the line investment, network reliability and the network loss are the main objective of transmission network planning. Combined with set pair analysis (SPA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), neural network (NN), a hybrid particle swarm optimization model was established with neural network and set pair analysis for transmission network planning (HPNS). Firstly, the contact degree of set pair analysis was introduced, the traditional goal set was converted into the collection of the three indicators including the identity degree, difference agree and contrary degree. On this bases, using shi(H), the three objective optimization problem was converted into single objective optimization problem. Secondly, using the fast and efficient search capabilities of PSO, the transmission network planning model based on set pair analysis was optimized. In the process of optimization, by improving the BP neural network constantly training so that the value of the fitness function of PSO becomes smaller in order to obtain the optimization program fitting the three objectives better. Finally, compared HPNS with PSO algorithm and the classic genetic algorithm, HPNS increased about 23% efficiency than THA, raised about 3.7% than PSO and improved about 2.96% than GA. 相似文献
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本文介绍了通货膨胀会计的概念,分析了在通货膨胀的条件下应用传统的财务会计方法会给会计信息造成不良影响,说明了我国通货膨胀会计发展的重要性,并进一步探讨了完善我国通货膨胀会计的具体措施。 相似文献
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本文笔者结合多年在国内电力建设企业管理的工作经验。对电力建设企业工程项目面临的各种风险、管理体系以及管理模式进行了全面的分析。并提出了风险管理规划、识别、评估、决策和监控过程的有效方法和对策。 相似文献
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