TEMPO氧化修饰的天然多糖纳米纤维增强复合材料及其功能化研究进展

纤维素和几丁质具有相似的结构，是自然界中储量丰富的两类天然多糖。经2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)氧化修饰制备的纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维，不仅具有多糖类物质的良好亲水性、生物可降解性、生物相容性及丰富的官能团(羟基、羧基、乙酰氨基和氨基等)所带来的特定化学性质，而且还具有纳米纤维的纳米尺寸效应、大比表面积、高表面活性、高结晶度和手性液晶相结构等特点，已成为生物质纳米材料领域的研究重点之一。本文对TEMPO氧化修饰制备天然多糖纳米纤维的方法及剥离机制进行了总结，同时重点综述了TEMPO氧化修饰的天然多糖纳米纤维在薄膜、凝胶、导电、医用、电磁屏蔽及环境等复合材料的增强和功能升级等方面的研究进展，强调了纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维的官能团及纳米尺寸在复合材料中的增效机制。最后，对天然多糖纳米纤维的发展方向及其在各领域应用的机遇与挑战进行了展望。     

石油长输管道的建设与发展

石油是国家的重要能源,其安全稳定供应与国家安全、公共安全和人民群众的生活息息相关。长输管道是我国陆上石油的主要运输通道,长输管道的安全稳定运行直接关乎着石油的安全稳定供应。但在实际的建设过程中,由于路线较长、工程浩大,其质量要求也极高。必须采用科学的手段进行施工,并进行严格的监控控制。一旦施工中存在要求控制不严格问题便很容易导致工程拖期、质量下降,不但导致资金浪费,还会造成严重的安全事故,因此,对于类似问题必须予以重视。     

究竟值几星?钉钉

最近,不少中小学生给《钉钉》打了“一星差评”,这是因为《钉钉》为学生们提供了一个在线学习渠道。而对于“一星差评”,《钉钉》也识趣地“求饶”。但摒除偏见,《钉钉》究竟能值几星?一份完整的线上协同方案,一场全社会的云办公实验作为阿里巴巴旗下的优质产品,《钉钉》本身是一款专为企业打造的工作沟通、协同、智能移动办公平台,它为企业提供了安全高效的即时通讯解决方案,并且为企业量身定制免费OA办公系统,大幅提高了工作效率.     

论携号转网行为的私法规制

以电信用户入网协议为切入点,电信用户的携号转网行为应受到《合同法》《消费者权益保护法》等私法规范的保护与限制。该行为引起的格式条款解释、合同终止、违约责任、损失赔偿等问题,不能仅靠《电信条例》等公法规范来调整。应当积极引导广大消费者用户以私法领域相关规定为依据,转变争议解决思维,拓宽纠纷处理途径,合理选择维权手段,以保护自身合法民事权益,与行业监管部门共同推动电信行业有序发展。     

Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

衡重式挡土墙地基承力不足的设计与施工方法

衡重式挡土墙具有良好的结构自稳性,能够减少开挖和回填量,在山区公路改扩建工程中应用较多.但是,受山区地形限制,衡重式挡土墙地基承力不足的情况也较为常见.该文主要分析在挡土墙基坑地基承载力以及基坑尺寸不足情况下衡重式挡土墙的施工方法:增设钢筋混凝土扩大基础及基础斜拉锚杆,并在该基础上修建挡土墙.经过长时间的监测,发现扩大的基础以及挡土墙墙身无裂缝,且几乎无沉降位移,能够有效保证挡墙的施工安全以及后期的安全使用,可为同类工程施工提供参考.     

基于频率最大化目标的六杆四面体网壳截面尺寸优化研究

随着计算机技术的发展,基于有限元优化的拓扑优化算法在工程设计领域得到广泛应用,以提高结构性能和节约材料.在空间结构领域,目前还并未形成系统性的结构优化策略,主要还是依靠工程师的工作经验来进行优化设计.董石麟教授等提出的六杆四面体网壳是一种由相似的四面体模块组成的空间结构,具有重复性和装配性等特点.本文以六杆四面体网壳为分析对象,进行了结构频率最大化的优化设计.根据挑选出的质量参与系数总和超过90%的7阶模态,建立优化函数最大化这7阶模态的频率,以此提高整个结构的动力学性能.优化结果表明,在结构整体减重18.31%的前提下,各阶频率增加了20%到30%,起到了良好的效果.     

国际电联成立自主网络开放研究小组

澳大利亚“miragenews”网站2020年12月24日消息,国际电信联盟(ITU)——联合国信息和通信技术专门机构(ICT)成立了一个焦点小组,以支持能够为了提高效率而自主控制其行为的IC T网络的出现。所有感兴趣的团体均可参与。国际电联“自主网络”焦点小组将领导一项探索性的“预标准化”研究,以确定国际电联标准将如何支持自主网络的实现及其未来的发展。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.