生物质固化成型燃料引火助燃剂的试验研究

对生物质固化成型燃料(Densified biomass briquette fuel,DBBF)引火助燃剂进行了试验研究。以LLA-6型户用生物质炉具为试验装置,选取3种废弃液体燃料为原料,按不同的体积比制成15种液体引火助燃剂,对助燃剂的不同用量进行了试验研究。结果表明,助燃剂JC15和CJ51均能在1min内顺利将DBBF引燃,在助燃剂JC15用量为8～9mL时,40s即可使炉火达到炊事要求,大大缩短了不加助燃剂时燃料的引燃时间。引火助燃剂的研究解决了DBBF点火难和使用不方便的问题,为DBBF的大规模推广提供了前提保障。     

秸秆固化成型燃料引火助燃剂的点火和烟气排放特性(英文)

Ignition-assisting agents for densified corn stover briquette fuel(DCBF) were developed,and their ignition and emission characteristics were investigated using type LLA-6 household cooking stove.Three waste liquid fuels,waste engine oil(E) ,diesel oil(D) ,and industrial alcohol(A) ,were used as raw materials to make 25 ignitionassisting agents by mixing at different ratios.Their ignition performance was evaluated in terms of ignition time and cost.It was found that ignition-assisting agents ED15(a mix of E and D at volume ratio of 1︰5) and DA51(a mix of D and A at volume ratio of 5︰1) presented better ignition results with shorter ignition time(40-53 s) and lower cost(6.1 and 5.3 cents) at the dosages of 9 ml and 8 ml,respectively.The emission of O2,CO,CO2,NOx,and SO2,the temperature in fume gas,and combustion efficiency were investigated for ED15 and DA51.The results show that the emission of ED15 with the dosage of 9 ml is lower than that of DA51 with the dosage of 8 ml in the ignition process.ED15 at the dosage of 9 ml achieves satisfactory combustion efficiency and emits less pollutant,so it is recommended for practical application.The study will provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to fast ignite DCBF and break the barrier to the practical application of DCBF.     

厌氧污泥接种量对蔬菜残渣酸化影响试验研究

以厌氧活性污泥为接种物研究了接种量对蔬菜残渣酸化的影响。在有机负荷为8 g/L情况下,对不同底物与接种物比值(F/M=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)和无接种的情况进行了批式厌氧消化对比试验。结果表明:随着F/M的增加,反应体系pH值降低、出料VFA浓度升高、产气量减少、产气甲烷含量降低、二氧化碳含量升高;在最佳底物与接种物比值F/M=1.5时,体系pH值、VFA浓度、TS减少率、VS减少率分别为5.55,3 325 mg/L,35.9%,88.6%;适量添加接种物对水解酸化反应具有积极影响。同时确定了蔬菜残渣水解酸化反应的最佳周期为3 d。     

搅拌对麦秸厌氧消化性能影响的试验研究

研究了搅拌对麦秸厌氧消化性能的影响。考察了4种搅拌频率对厌氧消化日产气量、单位TS和VS变化、pH值和氨氮等参数的影响。结果表明:日产气量随着搅拌频率的增加有上升的趋势。不同搅拌情况下的pH值始终维持在7.4~7.5,搅拌对pH值影响不明显。氨氮随消化时间的增加产生累积,搅拌越频繁,累积越明显,搅拌频率为每1 h搅拌一次时厌氧消化效果最好。此研究结果将为大中型秸秆沼气工程提供设计依据。     

Enhancing Biogas Production from Anaerobically Digested Wheat Straw Through Ammonia Pretreatment

Aqueous ammonia was used to pretreat wheat straw to improve biodegradability and provide nitrogen source for enhancing biogas production. Three doses of ammonia （2%, 4%, and 6%, dry matter） and three moisture contents （30%, 60%, and 80%, dry matter） were applied to pretreat wheat straw for 7 days. The pretreated wheat straws were anaerobically digested at three loading rates （50, 65, and 80 g·L^-1） to produce biogas. The results indi-cated that the wheat straw pretreated with 80%moisture content and 4%ammonia achieved the highest methane yield of 199.7 ml·g^-1 （based on per unit volatile solids loaded）, with shorter digestion time （T80） of 25 days at the loading rate of 65 g·L^-1 compared to untreated one. The main chemical compositions of wheat straw were also ana-lyzed. The cellulose and hemicellulose contents were decomposed by 2%-20%and 26%-42%, respectively, while the lignin content was hardly removed, cold-water and hot-water extracts were increased by 4%-44%, and 12%-52%, respectively, for the ammonia-pretreated wheat straws at different moisture contents. The appropriate C/N ratio and decomposition of original chemical compositions into relatively readily biodegradable substances will improve the biodegradability and biogas yield.     

餐厨垃圾特性及其厌氧消化性能研究

以校园餐厨垃圾为原料,分析测定了早餐、午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾的总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪含量以及无机盐离子浓度,并通过批式厌氧发酵试验对3种餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,早餐餐厨垃圾特性与午餐/晚餐餐厨垃圾差异较大,Na+,Ca2+和Cl-含量高于后两者。餐厨垃圾不同特性对其厌氧消化产气及有机物去除率都有一定影响,早餐、午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾的累积甲烷产量分别为212.2,331.6和362.4 ml/g,早餐餐厨垃圾产气量比午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾分别低36%和41.4%,其中Cl-含量高可能是造成其产气量低的主要原因。