碳税与碳排放权交易对中国各行业的影响

碳税和碳排放权交易是目前各国主要采用的温室气体减排的政策和机制,但是无论是碳税的征收还是碳排放权交易机制的实行,对经济发展速度和结构平衡都会产生很大影响.因此制定CO2减排政策和指标时,切实考虑国情是十分必要的.本文应用可计算一般均衡模型(CCE)和Cheng F.Lee提出的计算模型研究碳税与碳排放权交易机制对中国各行业的综合影响.结果表明,合理的碳交易机制可以在一定程度上缓解间接碳税对中国能源行业的影响,并且溯往原则作为碳排放权配额分配方式更符合中国的经济现状.     

温度及氧碳比对气化炉内颗粒物性质的影响

基于多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉热态试验平台,以水煤浆为气化原料,氧气为氧化剂,研究温度和氧碳比对颗粒物性质的影响,并探讨其形成机制。研究表明:温度越高,生成的球形颗粒越多,颗粒表面S、Fe、Na元素的含量也越高,细颗粒物百分含量越大。随着氧碳比的增大,细颗粒生产量增多,颗粒含碳量下降,氧碳比为1.1时细颗粒主要以团聚体的形式存在;氧碳比对S、Fe、Na、Al和Si等元素在颗粒表面含量的影响较小;氧碳比对颗粒粒径分布的影响较明显,氧碳比为1.0时产生的细颗粒最多,粗颗粒粒径更小,氧碳比为1.1时产生的粗颗粒最多,细颗粒团聚体也较多,氧碳比为0.9时,颗粒物粒径分布居于两者之间。     

水煤浆气化炉耐火砖损蚀量的灰色预测

针对水煤浆气化炉中耐火砖存在损蚀的特点,采用灰色预测理论建立了耐火砖损蚀量的不等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,并提出了模型的优化方法。通过预测值与实际值比较得出,GM(1,1)模型用于水煤浆气化炉中耐火砖损蚀量的预测是可行的;优化后的预测模型与实际值吻合较好。在模型优化过程中还发现,模型优化后平均相对误差由4.41%降为3.73%,最大相对误差也由14.36%降到9.09%,验证了优化方法的有效性。预测结果可为水煤浆气化炉耐火砖的研制及检修提供依据和指导。     

多喷嘴对置式气化炉中飞灰性质

On a laboratory scale opposed multi-burner gasifier (OMBG), the fly ashes at different sampling mouths are collected and analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRF and Malvern mastersizer. Most fly ash particles produced in the gasification are irregular, aggregate or spherical. As for the composition of the particles, carbon is the main content, while S, Fe and Na get enriched. At the same time, the concentration of Al and Si in the fly ash particles is lower than that in the original slag. From the nozzle plane to the exit of gasification chamber, the carbon content of particles decreases along the axes of gasifier. The carbon content of particles decreases rapidly from the nozzle plane to No. 7 sampling mouth and declines slowly from No. 7 sampling mouth to the chamber exit. The size of particles generated in the gasification appears a triple-humped-distribution with peaks at 0.1—0.2 μm, 2 μm and 14 μm. The particle size distribution in different sampling places is different. Above the impact plane, more ultra-fine particles are found and coarse particles are larger in location near the impact plane. In symmetrical up and down locations of the impact plane, the particle size distributions are similar, but there are more coarse particles below the impact plane. The coarse particle size decreases and the proportion of fine particles increases below the impact plane, while the proportion of coarse particles increases at the chamber exit.