硅橡胶复合膜用于渗透蒸发的膜传质动力学(Ⅱ)膜内的扩散传质

The pervaporation of organics from dilute aqueous solution through a novel plate composite silicone rubber membrane was investigated. The measured and derived data indicated that the composite membrane possessed very high permeation flux and stable selectivity for dilute organic aqueous solution. Based upon the well- known resistance-in- series model, diffusive mass transfer behavior in membrane was investigated by calculation from the measured data with different skin layer thickness of membranes. The experimental results showed that the diffusive mass transfer coefficient conformed to Arrhenius correlation with temperature and was independent of the flow status. The diffusivities of the given alcohols in membrane had an order of magnitude 10 m-10·s-1 at a wider range of temperature, which is similar to those reported in literatures.     

离子液体与树脂催化合成醋酸正丁酯的动力学比较

以阳离子交换树脂AMBERLYST15和各种离子液体为催化剂,研究了醋酸和正丁醇反应生成醋酸正丁酯的动力学。实验测定了催化剂种类、反应温度和催化剂量对反应速率的影响,并用拟均相模型对实验数据拟合。在实验条件下,发现AMBERLYST15和己内酰胺四氟硼酸盐催化效率很高,表观活化能分别为36.69,37.06kJ/g,指前因子分别为120.0,61.50m3/(g.h)。结果表明,树脂AMBERLYST15和己内酰胺四氟硼酸盐离子液体二类催化反应的活化能相近,指前因子却相差很大,2种催化剂在相同的催化机理下有不同的催化效率。     

塔板上CaCO3结垢速率

在100 mm塔径的筛板塔内,采用加速结垢的方法研究了Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2-Air体系内4种不同材质的塔板表面上CaCO3的结垢行为,考察了液相浓度、温度、CO2浓度、F因子、时间及材质对结垢速率的影响. 结果表明,塔板上的CaCO3结垢为方解石晶形. 结垢过程可大致分为3个阶段：起始阶段、过渡阶段、稳定阶段. 各因素对结垢速率影响可拟合成方程u=Ae-E/(RT)ca1cb2qcv,lqdv,gte,但第三阶段中t不出现. 实验条件下,CaCO3在筛板上结垢的活化能变化范围为8.01~28.4 kJ/mol,结垢第三阶段的活化能最大,第一阶段最小,整个过程由扩散控制.     

受热降膜Marangoni效应临界状态表征

采用红外热成像技术,研究了水和Na2SO4水溶液受热降膜的Marangoni效应及对降膜流动的影响。发现在降膜的流向和径向都存在热Marangoni效应,但Marangoni数却不能较好地表征Marangoni效应对液膜流动的影响程度。因而引入Marangoni效应影响因子ε。结果表明,ε能较好地表征Marangoni效应对液膜流动的影响程度,且不同溶液受热降膜存在一个近似相同的临界值(εLc)。当εLεLc,降膜流向热Marangoni效应将引起降膜明显的扰动。根据εLc值,可获得临界Marangoni数MaTc,L。     

浮阀塔板气液相界面积

研究了浮阀塔板上的气液接触状况以及相界面积。同时根据湍流液体中气泡变形与破碎的机理,建立了计算浮阀塔板相界面积的理论模型。该模型可用于比较不同浮阀结构对相界面积的影响。在理论研究的基础上,设计了一种新型浮阀——导向菱形浮阀。通过实验证明该浮阀塔板的相界面积得到显著提高。     

规整填料塔精馏的Marangoni效应

选用 6种代表性物系对陶瓷板波纹和不锈钢丝网规整填料进行全回流精馏实验 ,考察Marangoni效应对规整填料液体流动分布及传质的影响 .结果表明 :对纯有机体系 ,Marangoni效应影响较小 ;而对有机物的水溶液 ,Marangoni效应严重影响着填料的润湿和传质效率     

氨基酸离子液体-MDEA混合水溶液对CO2的降膜吸收

氨基酸离子液体对CO₂吸收速度快,而N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）有较高的CO₂吸收负荷,因此选用四甲基铵甘氨酸（［N₁₁₁₁］［Gly］）与MDEA水溶液复配成混合吸收剂用于CO₂的降膜吸收。用恒定容积法研究了混合吸收剂吸收CO₂的性能,实验结果显示,提高CO₂分压和增大［N₁₁₁₁］［Gly］浓度均能提高混合吸收剂对™ SC3000 (FLIR Systems,Inc.,Portland,OR). For different heating conditions,the temperature profile of the falling liquid film over a heated/cooled solid plate and the effect of heating temperature difference on the liquid distribution were determined. By using the infrared camera,the film width and the interfacial transfer area could be conveniently obtained. It was found that the transverse temperature gradient was much larger than that in the streamwise direction,resulting in significant Marangoni effect that drove the liquid particles from hot (low surface tension) to cold points (high surface tension),inducing novel shrinkage/expansion of the heated/cooled film. The lateral Marangoni effect could therefore strongly affect the interfacial area and thus the transfer process of falling liquid films.     

碳分子筛填充硅橡胶膜用于渗透蒸发分离稀醋酸-水溶液

From the reference[1] it is known that the addition of silicalite-1 in silicone rubber membranes results in an increase of both flux and selectivity for alcohol in the separation of alcohol/water by pervaporation.In order to enhance performance of pervaporation toward the aqueous solution of acetic acid,incorporation of carbon molecular sieve(CMS)into a PDMS membrane was investigated. CMS is widely used in adsorption processes because of its high selectivity toward certain compounds[2]. It was assumed that the flux and selectivity of pure PDMS membrane could be enhanced owing to the preferential adsorption of CMS to organics.CMS content in the membrane and several important pervaporation operation parameters, including feed concentration of acetic acid, and feed temperature, were investigated.