脱硫微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌遗传特性的分子生物学试验

利用现代生物学研究方法和手段,对煤系与非煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传特性进行了质粒抽提和琼脂糖凝胶电泳等分子生物学水平的基础性探索试验,对于质粒在硫杆菌中普遍存在的观点提出了质疑.研究结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe²⁺,S等的氧化能力可能只是与拟核染色体DNA有关,而氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传物质就是拟核染色体DNA.     

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification of moist raw coal

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. Pilot tests showed that air classification efficiencies varied from 74. 85% to 93.84% at cut-size 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0. 5 mm when free moisture of coal is in the range of 1.7% to 9. 5%, and ash contents of fine coal products were 2% ～ 3% lowerthan those of the same size fractions in feed, and 4% ～10% lower than those of feeds for most cases because of the density differences between coal and waste, which is beneficial to producing lower ash fine coal from raw coal as fuel of blast furnaces or pulverized coal firing boilers. A commercial unit of 100 t/h has been in smooth operation, and several 300 ～400 t/h units are in plan or construction.     

摩擦电选制备低灰煤的研究及应用

应用摩擦电选对七台河５种煤样进行了制备灰分小于２％的低灰精煤的试验研究,并以灰分为１．８５％的低灰精煤为原料制备出优质活性炭     

Preparation of activated carbon with low ash content and high specific surface area from coal in the presence of KOH

An activated carbon with ash content less than ]0% and specific surface area more than 1600 m^2/g was prepared from cool and the effect of K-containing compounds in preparation of cool-based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co-carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K-containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over cool carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K-containing compounds such as K2CO3 and K20 remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K-containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal-based activated carbon.     

煤泥调浆技术与设备的研究现状及进展

针对目前高灰难选煤泥浮选精煤灰分高、回收率低的难题,提出高效调浆是解决问题的有效途径。从煤泥高效调浆着手,介绍了调浆搅拌技术及理论的研究进展,并对现有煤泥调浆设备的应用及存在问题进行了介绍。在对现有提高调浆效果的理论、方法及技术研究现状进行综述性评价的基础上,探究了煤泥调浆对浮选过程的影响及其规律性,提出了今后煤泥调浆技术研究应从以下4方面展开:研究药剂分散、颗粒分散与表面改性、颗粒碰撞与有效吸附等过程的机理;研究各种搅拌叶轮结构下矿浆的流场变化情况;研究不同煤质及粒度组成下剪切强度对调浆效果的影响;开发新型高效煤泥调浆设备,以满足微细难选煤泥浮选工艺的需求。     

细粒煤高梯度磁选脱硫技术的发展与思考

阐述了煤炭磁选脱硫的机理,对煤炭磁选脱硫技术的发展状况进行了全面的回顾,同时总结了影响细粒煤高梯度磁选脱硫效果的诸因素,指出应优先开展干式高梯度磁选脱硫技术的研究,并就具体的研究方向提出了几点建议。     

密度组成及磁场强度对煤比磁化率影响的研究

不同密度级煤比磁化率的差异是煤磁选的依据,用Gouy磁天平对不同密度级煤比磁化率进行测定,煤比磁化率随着密度的减小而减小,小于1.5 g/cm3密度级的煤显逆磁性;低密度级煤比磁化率随着磁场强度的增加而减小,逆磁性增加,而高密度级煤比磁化率随着磁场强度增加顺磁性减弱.根据所得函数式,表明存在一最佳磁场强度使低、高密度级煤的磁性差异最大.相比较而言,密度对煤磁化率的影响更大.     

双质量概率分级筛的动力参数分析

本文对概率分级筛的双质量振动系统进行了分析研究,推导出系统的固有频率和共振转速。作者根据理论和实际资料分析说明:平衡块和筛体两个质量之间所采用的剪切型橡胶弹簧在运转过程中产生热量,橡胶的刚度系数随橡胶温度升高而提高。因此,建议采用工作频率ω<固有频率ω_2以保持筛箱振幅基本不变。文中还提出了概率分级筛参数的设计计算。     

快速加热预处理对煤粘结性影响研究评述

分析世界及中国的一次能源的资源结构与消费结构后得出煤快速加热是实现能源可持续发展的有效技术途径,回顾了煤快速加热工艺的研究开发历程,从前人研究中得出将原煤快速加热到软化熔融温度(400～500℃)可以大大提高其粘结性.详细介绍了超级炼焦技术SCOPE21. 表明通过对原煤的快速加热预处理,结合低温出焦,可以在保证焦炭质量不降低的前提下,将不粘煤或弱粘煤的配煤量提高到50%.和现有炼焦工艺相比,生产效率提高1.4倍,节能20%左右.     

粉煤灰微观特征与干法脱炭实验

采用透射电镜研究了粉煤灰的微观特征 ,提出了降低粉煤灰残余炭含量并提高粉煤灰活性的干法脱炭思路。摩擦电选实验表明 :干法脱炭是有效的 ,这将为解决我国粉煤灰的综合利用提供有益的借鉴