超音速喷嘴涡流管气体分离性能的数值模拟与实验

 建立了超音速喷嘴涡流管的简化几何模型,利用描述两相双组分超音速冷凝流动的 Eulerian 双流体三维湍流模型,以含湿空气为介质对装置内部的自发凝结过程进行数值模拟。设计制造相应的装置,建立实验平台,对装置的含湿气体分离性能进行实验研究。通过模拟和实验2种手段研究了影响超音速喷嘴涡流管气体分离性能的参数及其影响规律。结果表明,气流在喷嘴内部达到超音速流动,使得水蒸气自发凝结成液滴,为混合气体分离提供了先决条件;热端管内气体自旋产生的离心加速度可以达到重力加速度的6×10⁵倍,为气、液分离提供了必要条件;降低进出口压力之比和冷流率,增大入口相对湿度和长径比可以提高装置的气体分离性能,安装阻涡器对性能有不利影响。因此,采用超音速喷嘴涡流管实现混合气体中重组分的脱除是可行的。     

超音速冷凝分离过程的自发成核影响因素分析

建立了两相双组分超音速冷凝流动三维湍流模型,对含湿气体在超音速冷凝流动中的自发成核进行预测。采用两相欧拉-欧拉控制方程组描述气液两相流动,引入经典成核理论模拟水蒸气的自发成核。模型计算结果与实验值吻合较好。以水蒸气和甲烷的混合气体为介质,模拟研究了天然气在超音速冷凝流动中的自发成核,得出了天然气超音速冷凝分离装置的结构参数和操作参数对自发成核的开始位置、强度、成核区轴向长度和最小临界成核半径的影响规律。研究结果表明,对超音速冷凝分离装置的分离性能有显著影响的操作参数足初始水蒸气分压和初始温度,所有的结构参数都影响分离性能;所有的操作参数都对能耗有显著影响,而结构参数中只有旋流发生器高度对能耗有影响。     

采用增大凝结液滴方法的锥芯超音速旋流分离装置性能研究

To improve the separation performance of a supersonic gas separation device for the treatment of gas mixture with a single heavy component, a novel structure with shorter settlement distance was constructed and a method of droplet enlargement was applied. A series of experiments were carried out in the improved separation device under various conditions, using air-ethanol vapor as the medium and micro water droplets as nucleation centers. The effects of the inlet pressure, temperature and relative humidity, the swirling intensity, and mass flow rate of water on the separation performance were investigated. The separation was improved by increasing the inlet pressure and relative humidity. With the decrease of swirling intensity and mass flow rate of water, the separation efficiency increased first and then decreased. The inlet temperature had a slight effect on the separation. The results showed that the separation performance was effectively improved using the proposed structure and method, and the best separation in this study was obtained with the ethanol removal rate about 55% and dew point depression 27 K. The addition of water had little pollution to the air-ethanol vapor system since the water carry-over rate was within the range of %-0 in most cases.