New developments and implementations in the field of hydrocarbon-stock desulfurization

Processes involving the removal of sulfur compounds from gases and liquid petroleum products are analyzed. Economic expediency of the implementation of low-waste methods of demercaptanization of gases, gasoline and kerosene cuts, gas condensates, and light crudes with the polymeric catalyst KSM is substantiated. A complex desulfurization flow plan, which permits maximum extraction of natural sulfur-organic compounds, lowering of the content of total sulfur in the light cuts, and improvement of hydrofinishing conditions of the heavy cuts is proposed. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3–8, November–December, 2008.     

Ceramic materials and phosphors based on silicon nitride and sialon

This review covers some of the main trends in the field of synthesis and the applications of materials based on silicon nitride presented in publications over the past 10–15 years. Attention is paid to the technique for synthesizing nitride and oxynitride compounds and for the production of ceramic construction materials and phosphors in silicon nitride systems.     

Loss of strength of boron fibers in interaction with the matrix

A model of loss of strength of brittle fibers by the products of their interaction with the matrix is proposed. The model is based on the assumption that the rigid products of interaction form with the original surface cracks of the fibers paired defects leading to an increase in stress concentration at the crack tips. In this case the strength of the fibers is determined by the sizes of the original cracks and of the reaction products and also by the distance between them. A specific example of calculation of the strength of boron fibers using the proposed method is given.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 8, pp. 32–36, August, 1993.     

Crude oils of the Yakut ASSR

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 9, pp. 24–26, September, 1991.     

Mass-spectroscopy of polynuclear palladium carboxylate complexes as a key to new structures. Synthesis and X-Ray structure of Pd12(μ-CO)8(μ-NO2)8(μ-PrCO2)8

Palladium NO_x-containing polynuclear carboxylate complexes Pd₄(μ-CO)₂(μ-NO)(μ-ⁱPrCO₂)₅ and Pd₈(μ-CO)₄(μ-NO₂)₄(μ-ⁱPrCO₂)₈ were studied with MALDI-TOF mass-spectroscopic technique. The results confirm previous suggestion about Pd₄ metal chains as building blocks for big palladium carbonyl carboxylate clusters. Also a new Pd₃ bent metal chain observed in mass-spectra was demonstrated to serve a building block as well. Using the data the biggest palladium carboxylate cluster Pd₁₂(μ-CO)₈(μ-NO₂)₈(μ-ⁱPrCO₂)₈ was synthesized and characterized by X-Ray analysis. Thus it was shown that mass-spectroscopic data for palladium carboxylates can be used for prediction of new structures of palladium clusters.