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排序方式: 共有315条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We propose a modification of the additive splitting algorithm to solve the convection-diffusion problem using an efficient
finite-difference scheme. The modification decreases the number of data exchanges and their amount during the numerical solution
of a system of multidimensional equations. Approximation, stability, and convergence are considered.
Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 1, pp. 100–107, January–February 2009. 相似文献
2.
Andriy V. Kozytskiy Oleksandr L. Stroyuk Stepan Ya. Kuchmiy Volodymyr M. Dzhagan Dietrich R. T. Zahn Mykola A. Skoryk Vyacheslav O. Moskalyuk 《Journal of Materials Science》2013,48(21):7764-7773
Nanocrystalline ITO/ZnO films formed by porous zinc oxide microplatelets 1–3 μm in size and 100–200 nm in thickness, which consist of 30–50 nm ZnO crystallites, were sensitized to visible light by Cd x Zn1?x S nanocrystals deposited using the method of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The composition of Cd x Zn1?x S nanocrystals as well as the dependence between molar Cd(II) fraction in the films and the ratio of cadmium and zinc nitrate concentrations in solutions used for the SILAR procedure were determined by a combination of electron, Raman, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. The photovoltage observed at illumination of the ITO/ZnO/Cd x Zn1?x S heterostructures by white light (λ >400 nm) in aqueous Na2S solution increases with a decrease of Cd(II) content proportionally to an increment in the conduction band potential of the Cd x Zn1?x S nanocrystals. The photocurrent density normalized to the light absorbance of the ITO/ZnO/Cd x Zn1?x S films increases by a factor of around four when the conduction band potential of Cd x Zn1?x S nanocrystals grows by 220 mV as a result of Cd(II) fraction changing from 1.0 to 0.62–0.67. The results show that Cd x Zn1?x S solid solutions are more advantageous sensitizers for the short-wavelength part of the sensitivity window of the liquid-junction solar cells (400–450 nm) than conventionally used cadmium sulfide. 相似文献
3.
Yi Ke Stephan Lany Joseph J. Berry John D. Perkins Philip A. Parilla Andriy Zakutayev Tim Ohno Ryan O'Hayre David S. Ginley 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(19):2875-2882
The increase of the band gap in Zn1‐xMgxO alloys with added Mg facilitates tunable control of the conduction band alignment and the Fermi‐level position in oxide‐heterostructures. However, the maximal conductivity achievable by doping decreases considerably at higher Mg compositions, which limits practical application as a wide‐gap transparent conductive oxide. In this work, first‐principles calculations and material synthesis and characterization are combined to show that the leading cause of the conductivity decrease is the increased formation of acceptor‐like compensating intrinsic defects, such as zinc vacancies (VZn), which reduce the free electron concentration and decrease the mobility through ionized impurity scattering. Following the expectation that non‐equilibrium deposition techniques should create a more random distribution of oppositely charged dopants and defects compared to the thermodynamic limit, the paring between dopant GaZn and intrinsic defects VZn is studied as a means to reduce the ionized impurity scattering. Indeed, the post‐deposition annealing of Ga‐doped Zn0.7Mg0.3O films grown by pulsed laser deposition increases the mobility by 50% resulting in a conductivity as high as σ = 475 S cm‐1. 相似文献
4.
Adam W. Welch Lauryn L. Baranowski Pawel Zawadzki Clay DeHart Steve Johnston Stephan Lany Colin A. Wolden Andriy Zakutayev 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2016,24(7):929-939
Development of alternative thin film photovoltaic technologies is an important research topic because of the potential of low‐cost, high‐efficiency solar cells to produce terawatt levels of clean power. However, this development of unexplored yet promising absorbers can be hindered by complications that arise during solar cell fabrication. Here, a high‐throughput combinatorial method is applied to accelerate development of photovoltaic devices, in this case, using the novel CuSbS2 absorber via a newly developed three‐stage self‐regulated growth process to control absorber purity and orientation. Photovoltaic performance of the absorber, using the typical substrate CuInxGa1 − xSe2 (CIGS) device architecture, is explored as a function of absorber quality and thickness using a variety of back contacts. This study yields CuSbS2 device prototypes with ~1% conversion efficiency, suggesting that the optimal CuSbS2 device fabrication parameters and contact selection criteria are quite different than for CIGS, despite the similarity of these two absorbers. The CuSbS2 device efficiency is at present limited by low short‐circuit current because of bulk recombination related to defects, and a small open‐circuit voltage because of a theoretically predicted cliff‐type conduction band offset between CuSbS2 and CdS. Overall, these results illustrate both the potential and limits of combinatorial methods to accelerate the development of thin film photovoltaic devices using novel absorbers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Nadiia A. Dulina Tatyana G. DeinekaRoman P. Yavetskiy Zoja P. SergienkoAndrey G. Doroshenko Pavel V. MateychenkoOleh M. Vovk Neonilla A. Matveevskaya 《Ceramics International》2011,37(5):1645-1651
The conditions for obtaining a stable Lu2O3:Eu3+ suspension of spherical particles with a diameter of 100 nm using three dispersants possessing an electrosteric stabilizing effect (Dolapix CE 64, Darvan 821 A, Darvan C-N) have been studied. It has been shown that in colloidal processing of ceramics the packing density and microstructure of green bodies can be controlled by regulating the interactions between ceramic particles in the suspension. The influence of the molecular weight and concentration of the dispersant on the stability of Lu2O3:Eu3+ suspensions containing 5-10 vol.% of the solid loading has been considered. It has been determined that use of Dolapix CE 64 with a concentration of 1 mass.% in the alkaline pH range allows to obtain suspensions with high stability and low viscosity (∼1.7 сP). Such suspensions were used to produce compacts with a maximum relative density of ∼52% and uniform density distribution by the pressure slip casting method. The obtained compacts were densified into translucent Lu2O3:Eu3+ ceramics by the vacuum sintering method. 相似文献
6.
Santanu Mondal Andriy Durygin Vadym Drozd Jose Belisario Zhe Cheng 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(9):4876-4893
In this research, near fully dense single phase bulk multicomponent transition metal nitride (Nb1/3Ta1/3Ti1/3)N1−δ has been successfully synthesized from mixed commercial powders of NbN, TaN and TiN via reaction flash sintering technique. This was performed with an applied pressure of ~ 35 MPa at 25°C under a constant DC electric field (~24-32 V/cm). The flash event, which is the abrupt increase in current (up to ~ 25.2 A/mm2) and temperature, occurred without preheating. The threshold power dissipation on the sample right before the flash is ~ 0.7 W/mm3. The formation of single phase (Nb1/3Ta1/3Ti1/3)N1−δ random solid solution and its compositional uniformity were confirmed by XRD and EDS, respectively. The effects of ball milling duration and limiting current density on phase formation were studied. Simulation based on Joule heating provides an estimate of the ultimate sample temperature of ~ 1850°C. Vickers hardness of the obtained (Nb1/3Ta1/3Ti1/3)N1−δ is 17.6 ± 0.6 GPa, which is comparable to similarly flash sintered ingredient binary nitrides of TaN and NbN. TGA in air shows that the oxidation resistance of (Nb1/3Ta1/3Ti1/3)N1−δ is better than that of TaN and NbN but inferior to TiN. The study demonstrates that reaction flash sintering can be a highly efficient technique for synthesizing bulk multicomponent ceramics for both material fundamental investigations and application development. 相似文献
7.
M.A. Chaika N.A. Dulina A.G. Doroshenko S.V. Parkhomenko O.V. Gayduk R. Tomala W. Strek D. Hreniak G. Mancardi O.M. Vovk 《Ceramics International》2018,44(12):13513-13519
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) ceramics doped with chromium were prepared by solid-state reactive sintering in a vacuum. The influence of the charge compensator Ca2+ concentration on microstructure, optical properties and efficacy of Cr3+ oxidation to Cr4+ under air annealing was investigated. A non-monotonic dependence of these features on the amount of CaO as an additive was found. The changes in ceramic transparency and microstructure were explained considering the interaction between CaO and Cr2O3 at the ceramic grain boundaries, which leads to a different pore evolution in distinct samples during sintering. The efficacy of the oxidation of Cr3+ to Cr4+ strongly depends on the concentration of Ca dissolved in the YAG. The calcium solubility decreases due to the higher oxygen partial pressure of the extra phases on the grain boundaries that decreases the amount of generated Cr4+ ions. Such phenomenon explains the lower concentration of Cr4+ ions in the sample with 0.8% of Ca against the one with 0.5%. The experiment shows that the ceramic with 0.5% of Ca has a better in-line transmission and a higher concentration of Cr4+ ions in comparison with samples with a different Ca concentration. 相似文献
8.
Andriy Roshchenko Warren H. Finlay Peter D. Minev 《Aerosol science and technology》2013,47(10):1260-1271
Lung deposition behavior for straight versus curved aerosol fibers is known to be different based on existing experimental data. However, our understanding of actual fiber dynamics in the respiratory system remains far from being complete. In particular, it is not clear how fiber shape influences particle motion in the lungs. This article presents the results of direct numerical simulations in a linear shear flow of the rotational dynamics of high aspect ratio fibers with complex shapes such as elliptic rods, torus segments, and helices. Our findings show that as expected the rotational behavior of complex fibers is different from that observed for straight symmetrical particles. In particular, we observe secondary rotation for our particles, which is perpendicular to the shear plane (a plane with the unit normal parallel to the local vorticity) as well as more frequent flipping (for helical particles) than observed for straight fibers with the same lengths and diameters. In view of our results, it can be suggested that respiratory tract deposition for particles with complex shapes will exhibit enhanced interception compared with the deposition of particles with simpler shapes. 相似文献
9.
Andriy Popadyuk Ihor Tarnavchyk Nadiya Popadyuk Ananiy Kohut Volodymyr Samaryk Stanislav Voronov Andriy Voronov 《Reactive and Functional Polymers》2013,73(9):1290-1298
A new copolymer of N-[(tert-butylperoxy)methyl]acrylamide (tBPMAAm), containing a primary–tertiary peroxide group and maleic anhydride (MA), was synthesized and employed as a reactive surfactant (inisurf) for the emulsion polymerization of styrene to yield surface-functionalized (peroxidized) reactive latex particles. The copolymerization characteristics were analyzed to determine the monomer reactivity ratios and to provide a way to control the copolymer composition. The ability of tBPMAAm–MA to act as a reactive surfactant during emulsion polymerization was confirmed by the synthesis of monodisperse polystyrene latexes of varying particle size. In addition, peroxide groups were localized on the surface of the particles in a controllable amount (depending on the copolymer concentration), thus, providing the opportunity for further modification of the surface of the particles. This novel copolymer is expected to be a promising and efficient material in the synthesis of functional polymer nanoparticles with well-defined core–shell morphologies. 相似文献
10.
Mayer A Taguchi T Linnenbrink A Hofmann C Luzhetskyy A Bechthold A 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2005,6(12):2312-2315
LanV is involved in the biosynthesis of landomycin A. The exact function of this enzyme was elucidated with combinatorial biosynthesis by using Streptomyces fradiae mutants that produce urdamycin A. After expression of lanV in S. fradiae DeltaurdM, which is a mutant that accumulates rabelomycin, urdamycinon B and urdamycin B were found to be produced by the strain. This result indicates that LanV is involved in the 6-ketoreduction of the angucycline core, which preceeds a 5,6-dehydration reaction. 9-C-D-Olivosyltetrangulol was also produced by this strain; this demonstrates that LanV catalyses the aromatization of ring A of the angucycline structure. Coexpression of lanV and lanGT2 in S. fradiae AO, a mutant that lacks all four urdamycin glycosyltransferases, resulted in the production of tetrangulol and the glycoside landomycin H, both of which have an aromatic ring A. As glycosylated angucyclines were not observed after expression of lanGT2 in the absence of lanV, we conclude that LanGT2 needs an aromatized ring A for substrate recognition. 相似文献