Relationship between local immune response to Helicobacter pylori and the diversity of disease: investigation of H. pylori-specific IgA in gastric juice

In order to evaluate the relationship between local immune response to Helicobacter pylori and the diversity of disease, 77 asymptomatic subjects who underwent a health examination were studied. Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG in serum and H. pylori-specific IgA in gastric juice were measured by ELISA, and the measured IgA titre was classified into two grades, low or high. Histological classification of gastritis was performed according to the Sydney system. Cytokines in gastric juice were also measured, and the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) status of H. pylori was tested by PCR. Of the 65 subjects who were positive for H. pylori-specific IgG in serum, 38 (58.5%) were classified as H. pylori-specific IgA low titre in gastric juice and 27 (41.5%) had high titres. In the IgG-positive, IgA-low group, the rate of peptic ulcers (especially duodenal ulcers) in endoscopic findings was higher (P < 0.05); the score of activity and the density of H. pylori were higher (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively); the score of metaplasia was lower (P < 0.05); and the level of interleukin-1 beta was lower (P < 0.05) than in the IgG-positive, IgA-high group. The positive rate of the cagA gene was 84.4% and there was no significant difference between the two groups. There were differences in endoscopic and histological findings between the IgG-positive, IgA-low and the IgG-positive, IgA-high groups. It is suggested that persons infected with H. pylori can be divided into two different states of disease according to local immune response.     

Stick-slip motion control based on cutter location data for an orthogonal-type robot

In this article, a new desktop orthogonal-type robot, which has the capacity of stick-slip motion control based on cutter location data, is presented for lapping small metallic molds with a curved surface. The robot consists of three single-axis devices with a high position resolution of 1 μm. A thin wooden stick tool with a ball-end shape is attached to the tip of the z-axis. In order to improve the lapping performance, a novel stick-slip motion control method is developed in the control system. The small stick-slip motion is orthogonally generated in the direction of the tool’s movement. The effectiveness of stick-slip motion control is examined through an actual lapping test of an LED lens cavity.     

Beitr?ge zur Fruchtsaft-Statistik

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus der Kgl. Untersuchungsanstalt beim Hygienischen Institut der Universität Leipzig.     

The relationship between acoustic emission signals and cutting phenomena in turning process

The development of intelligent manufacturing by using machine tools is advancing in leaps and bounds. To maintain accuracy in machining and in the interests of fail-safe operation, monitoring of the cutting state or the final machining is very important. Acoustic emissions (AE) comprise elastic stress waves produced as a result of the deformation and fracture of materials. By measuring the AE generated during a turning process, it is possible to estimate the state of the machining operation. The correlation between cutting phenomena and AE in a turning process was examined experimentally by using a steel workpiece and a cermet tool in a numerically controlled turning process. The process of formation of chips, the types of chip, and the shear angle all markedly affected the AE signals. There was a strong negative correlation between the shear angle and the AE signal level. Similar results were obtained for various feed rates and for workpieces of various degrees of hardness. Correlations related to surface roughness and to tool wear are also described that permit the evaluation of the state of the turning process.     

The positional distribution of dioleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol influences lymph chylomicron transport, composition and size in rats

The effects of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO) on lymph chylomicron transport, composition and size in rats were investigated in comparison with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl glycerol (OOP). The OPO and OOP were prepared by enzymatic transesterification reactions. The concentrations of OPO and OOP in the preparations were 65.7 g/100 g, and the composition of fatty acids was similar for each. The OPO preparation contained triacylglycerols with 76.6% of the palmitic acid in the sn-2 position, whereas 100% of the oleic acid was esterified to the sn-2 position in the OOP preparation. Rats were infused with lipid emulsion containing 150 g/L of OPO or OOP via a stomach catheter. Lymph was collected through the mesenteric lymphatic trunk at 1-h intervals for 12 h. Collected lymph chylomicrons were analyzed for triacylglycerol, fatty acids, apolipoprotein A-I and particle size. The maximum transport rates of triacylglycerols in the OPO group were higher than those in the OOP group. The overall absorption of triacylglycerols, palmitic acid and oleic acid in the OPO group was also higher than that in the OOP group. In the chylomicrons, 60-70% of the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the infused triacylglycerol was transported at the original position. The transport rates of dioleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol in the OPO group were higher than those in the OOP group. The transport rates of apolipoprotein A-I did not differ between groups, whereas the mean diameter of the chylomicrons in the OPO group was larger than that in the OOP group. These results indicate that OPO is absorbed and transported more effectively than OOP.