Optimal weighed Holoentropy for video compression: an advanced HEVC

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the applications of multimedia are rising in a greedy mode and hence the amount of video transactions is also increasing exponentially. This has shouted great demands on effective models on video encoding and also for reducing the transmission channel congestion. This research work introduces a managing technique termed weighted encoding for High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). HEVC, also termed as MPEG-H Part 2 and H.265 is a video compression standard that is widely utilized AVC (H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10). When compared to AVC, HEVC grants double the ratio of data compression at a similar level of quality of the video or considerably enhanced video quality at a similar bit rate. This work intends to optimize the weight that adopted in HEVC for encoding. For this, this paper proposes a new Iterative based propagation update in the water wave Optimization Algorithm (IPU-WWO), which is the improved form of Water wave Optimization (WWO). The performance of proposed IPU-WWO is compared over other conventional methods like Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Firefly (FF), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) with respect to Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). By doing the encoding process, it minimizes the video size with perceptually better quality video or PSNR.     

The dark side of information technology use

A large body of research has considered the positive aspects of information technology (IT) use. However, emerging research and practice commentary is beginning to focus on complex and often alarming ways in which use of IT affects organisational and social life. This Special Issue focuses on these ‘dark’ effects of IT use.     

Multi-objective reactive power market clearing in competitive electricity market using HFMOEA

This paper presents an application of a hybrid fuzzy multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (HFMOEA) for solving a highly constraint, mixed integer type, complex multi-objective reactive power market clearing (RPMC) problem for the competitive electricity market environment. In HFMOEA based multi-objective optimization approach, based on the output of a fuzzy logic controller crossover and mutation probabilities are varied dynamically. It enhances stochastic search capabilities of HFMOEA. In multi-objective RPMC optimization framework, two objective functions namely the total payment function (TPF) for reactive power support from generators and synchronous condensers and the total real transmission loss (TRTL) are minimized simultaneously for clearing the reactive power market. The proposed HFMOEA based multi-objective RPMC scheme is tested on a standard IEEE 24 bus reliability test system and its performance is compared with five other multi-objective evolutionary techniques such as MOPBIL, NSGA-II, UPS-EMOA and SPEA-2 and a new extended form of NSGA (ENSGA-II). Applying all these six evolutionary techniques, a detailed statistical analysis using T-test and boxplots is carried out on three performance metrics (spacing, spread and hypervolume) data for RPMC problem. The obtained simulation results confirm the overall superiority of HFMOEA to generate better Pareto-optimal solutions with higher convergence rate as compared to above mentioned algorithms. Further, TPF and TRTL values corresponding to the best compromise solutions are obtained using said multi-objective evolutionary techniques. These values are compared with one another to take better market clearing decisions in competitive electricity environment.     

Fuzzy and Deep Belief Network Based Malicious Vehicle Identification and Trust Recommendation Framework in VANETs

Wireless Personal Communications - This work aims to implement a clustering scheme to separate vehicles into a cluster that is based on various parameters, such as the total number of relay nodes,...     

A mathematical model for wave propagation in a composite solid matrix containing two immiscible fluids

Constitutive relations and field equations have been extended for a porous medium composed of two solids and containing two chemically non-reactive immiscible fluids. By generalizing the closure relation of porosity change and employing this into the mass balance equations, the stress–strain relations have been developed. The idea of generalized compressibility tests is invoked to find the value of dimensionless parameters appearing in the closure relation of porosity change. By generalizing momentum balance equations of Lo et al. (Water Resour Res 41:1–20, 2005), the propagation of dilatational and rotational waves is explored. It is found that four dilatational and two rotational waves exist in the porous medium. In contrast to Biot’s theory, the presence of the second fluid and second solid in the porous medium gives rise to additional P- and S-waves. Variation of phase speeds and corresponding attenuation coefficients of existing waves versus frequency, saturation of the fluid phases and solid fraction are computed numerically and depicted graphically.     

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Rayleigh–Taylor Instability

Here, the fundamental problem of Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS), where the two air masses at different temperatures, kept apart initially by a non-conducting horizontal interface in a 2D box, are allowed to mix. Upon removal of the partition, mixing is controlled by RTI, apart from mutual mass, momentum, and energy transfer. To accentuate the instability, the top chamber is filled with the heavier (lower temperature) air, which rests atop the chamber containing lighter air. The partition is positioned initially at mid-height of the box. As the fluid dynamical system considered is completely isolated from outside, the DNS results obtained without using Boussinesq approximation will enable one to study non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a finite reservoir undergoing strong irreversible processes. The barrier is removed impulsively, triggering baroclinic instability by non-alignment of density, and pressure gradient by ambient disturbances via the sharp discontinuity at the interface. Adopted DNS method has dispersion relation preservation properties with neutral stability and does not require any external initial perturbations. The complete inhomogeneous problem with non-periodic, no-slip boundary conditions is studied by solving compressible Navier–Stokes equation, without the Boussinesq approximation. This is important as the temperature difference between the two air masses considered is high enough (\(\Delta T = 70\) K) to invalidate Boussinesq approximation. We discuss non-equilibrium thermodynamical aspects of RTI with the help of numerical results for density, vorticity, entropy, energy, and enstrophy.     

Water quality assessment of a tropical coastal lake system using multivariate cluster,principal component and factor analysis

Statistical techniques represent a reliable tool for classifying, modelling and interpreting surface water quality monitoring data, particularly for lakes. The complexity associated with the analysis of a large number of measured variables, however, is a major problem in water quality assessments. Multivariate analysis, such as cluster analysis and factor analysis (FA), was utilized in this study for the analysis of water quality data (including water discharges and 28 water quality parameters) for Akkulam–Veli Lake, a tropical coastal lake system in Kerala, India. This lake is partially divided into two sub‐systems, namely Veli Lake and Akkulam Lake. Akkulam Lake exhibits freshwater characteristics, in contrast to Veli Lake, which exhibits saline water characteristics because of its close proximity to the sea. Thus, studying this lake provides insights into water quality variations in both a freshwater and saline water lake in a tropical region. Water quality patterns and variations in Akkulam–Vela Lake over three seasons, including pre‐monsoon (PRM), monsoon (MON) and post‐monsoon (POM), also were studied, utilizing multivariate techniques. The organic pollution factor played a significant role on lake water quality during PRM. The influence of organic pollution tends to decrease during MON and POM, a particular situation faced by urban lakes in tropical regions. Polluted stretches in a lake system during different seasons can easily be ascertained by hierarchical cluster analysis. Further, the factors affecting a lake system as a whole, as well as for a particular sampling site, can easily be identified by FA. Improved water quality can be observed during POM. Akkulam and Vela lakes exhibit a wide variation in water quality during all seasons, a finding that corroborates a water flow obstruction from Akkulam Lake to Veli Lake because of the bund existing between the two lakes. The location of the bund is identified as the major reason for different hydrochemical processes in A–V Lake.     

Incorporating Ancestors' Influence in Genetic Algorithms

A new criterion of fitness evaluation for Genetic Algorithms is introduced where the fitness value of an individual is determined by considering its own fitness as well as those of its ancestors. Some guidelines for selecting the weighting coefficients for quantifying the importance to be given to the fitness of the individual and its ancestors are provided. This is done both heuristically and automatically under fixed and adaptive frameworks. The Schema Theorem corresponding to the proposed concept is derived. The effectiveness of this new methodology is demonstrated extensively on the problems of optimizing complex functions including a noisy one and selecting optimal neural network parameters.