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排序方式: 共有218条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Micromachining of microelectromechanical systems which is similar to other fabrication processes has inherent variation that leads to uncertain dimensional and material properties. Methods for optimization under uncertainty analysis can be used to reduce microdevice sensitivity to these uncertainties in order to create a more robust design, thereby increasing reliability and yield. In this paper, approaches for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, and robust optimization of an electro-thermal microactuator are applied to take into account the influence of dimensional and material property uncertainties on microactuator tip deflection. These uncertainties include variation of thickness, length and width of cold and hot arms, gap, Young modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. A simple and efficient uncertainty analysis method is performed by creating second-order metamodel through Box-Behnken design and Monte Carlo simulation. Also, the influence of uncertainties has been examined using direct Monte Carlo Simulation method. The results show that the standard deviations of tip deflection generated by these uncertainty analysis methods are very close to each other. Simulation results of tip deflection have been validated by a comparison with experimental results in literature. The analysis is performed at multiple input voltages to estimate uncertainty bands around the deflection curve. Experimental data fall within 95 % confidence boundary obtained by simulation results. Also, the sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that microactuator performance has been affected more by thermal expansion coefficient and microactuator gap uncertainties. Finally, approaches for robust optimization to achieve the optimal designs for microactuator are used. The proposed robust microactuators are less sensitive to uncertainties. For this goal, two methods including Genetic Algorithm and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm are employed to find the robust designs for microactuator. 相似文献
2.
Effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Muataz Ali Atieh Nazlia Girun El-Sadig Mahdi Hairani Tahir Chuah Teong Guan Maan Fahmi Alkhatib Fakhru'l-Razi Ahmadun Dayang Radia Baik 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》2006,14(4):641-649
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used to prepare natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. Our first efforts to achieve nanostructures in MWNTs/NR nanocomposites were formed by incorporating carbon nanotubes in a polymer solution and subsequently evaporating the solvent. Using this technique, nanotubes can be dispersed homogeneously in the NR matrix in an attempt to increase the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites. The properties of the nanocomposites such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and hardness were studied. Mechanical test results show an increase in the initial modulus for up to 12 times in relation to pure NR. In addition to mechanical testing, the dispersion state of the MWNTs into NR studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in order to understand the morphology of the resulting system 相似文献
3.
Niloofar Soltani Amin Bahrami Martin Ignacio Pech-Canul 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(9):4366-4373
This work was carried out to investigate the effect of different Ti concentrations as a modifying agent on the microstructure and tensile properties of an in-situ Al-15 pctMg2Si composite. Cast, modified, and homogenized small ingots were extruded at 753 K (480 °C) at the extrusion ratio of 18:1 and ram speed of 1 mm/s. Various techniques including metallography, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the mechanical behavior, microstructural observations, and fracture mechanisms of this composite. The results showed that 0.5 pctTi addition and homogenizing treatment were highly effective in modifying Mg2Si particles. The results also exhibited that the addition of Ti up to 0.5 pct increases both ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile elongation values. The highest UTS and elongation values were found to be 245 MPa and 9.5 pct for homogenized and extruded Al-15 pctMg2Si-0.5 pctTi composite, respectively. Fracture surface examinations revealed a transition from brittle fracture mode in the as-cast composite to ductile fracture in homogenized and extruded specimens. This can be attributed to the changes in size and morphology of Mg2Si intermetallic and porosity content. 相似文献
4.
Afarin Bahrami Zainal Abidin Talib Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus Kasra Behzad Mahnaz M. Abdi Fasih Ud Din 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(11):14917-14928
Polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole-carboxylic functionalized multi wall carbon nanotube composites (PPy/f-MWCNT) were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The structure of the resulting complex nanotubes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of f-MWCNT concentration on the electrical properties of the resulting composites were studied at temperatures between 100 K and 300 K. The Hall mobility and Hall coefficient of PPy and PPy/f-MWCNT composite samples with different concentrations of f-MWCNT were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The mobility decreased slightly with increasing temperature, while the conductivity was dominated by the gradually increasing carrier density. 相似文献
5.
Feldspar/titanium dioxide/chitosan as a biophotocatalyst hybrid for the removal of organic dyes from aquatic phases 下载免费PDF全文
Feldspar/titanium dioxide/chitosan hybrid, a photoactive biocompatible adsorbent for anionic dyes, was synthesized, characterized, and successfully tested. The adsorbent characterization, pH role, adsorbent dose effect, equilibrium data, kinetic plats, and thermodynamic parameters are reported. The point of zero charge for the hybrid was measured to be 8.3, and the most favorable pH range for the adsorption process was found to be below this pH value. The adsorption equilibrium study demonstrated that the Freundlich model was best fitted to the experimental data. Without UV light exposure, the prepared adsorbent adsorbed 72 mg of Acid Black 1 (AB1)/g of sorbent (86% removal) from a 100‐mL solution with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, whereas UV irradiation resulted in an increase in the elimination of AB1 dye (97% removal). The kinetic data was depicted well by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the reaction between the hybrid and the dye was exothermic and also spontaneous at lower temperatures. In the batch desorption process, several aqueous solutions adjusted to different pH values were tested, and the best desorption performance (90% desorption) was achieved at pH 11. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40247. 相似文献
6.
The electrical conductivity and percolation threshold of single and hybrid carbon filled composites are experimentally investigated. Polystyrene, carbon fiber (CF) and carbon black (CB) at three CF/CB ratios of 1.67, 3.33, 6.67 were compounded in a twin screw extruder micro‐compounder and compression molded into sheets. The through‐plane and in‐plane electrical conductivity of the composites are measured by 2 and 4 probe techniques. The percolation threshold of the single filler and hybrid composites are determined from the experimental results using a percolation model. The hybrid composites have a higher value of electrical conductivity and lower percolation threshold than the single CF filler composite except for the CF/CB ratio of 6.67. The percolation threshold for the cases of single filler and hybrid composites are modeled. The hard core / soft shell model is used and it is assumed that the percolation in a particle filled system depends on the ratio of tunneling distance to particle diameter. This ratio is determined by modeling single filler composites using the experimental data and kept constant in the modeling of the hybrid system. Finite size scaling is used to determine the percolation threshold for the infinite size hybrid system containing (nanosize) particles and micron size fibers for three CF/CB ratios. The simulation results show that the percolations of hybrid composites have the same trends observed in the experimental results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41744. 相似文献
7.
In this work, using electrochemical techniques the authors investigated the protective properties of a polypyrrole/polyaniline bilayer as a conductive polymer. A polypyrrole/polyaniline bilayer was deposited on carbon steel substrate by potentiostatic method. The electric capacitance and resistance of the films were monitored with the immersion time in a corrosive solution to investigate the water permeability of the films. Polypyrrole/polyaniline bilayer has a relatively low permeability and good catalytic behavior in passivation of carbon steel in longer periods. The results show that the bilayer has a better anticorrosive behavior compared to homopolymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline). 相似文献
8.
9.
When rewriting is used to generate convergent and complete rewrite systems in order to answer the validity problem for some
theories, all the rewriting theories rely on a same set of notions, properties, and methods. Rewriting techniques have been
used mainly to answer the validity problem of equational theories, that is, to compute congruences. Recently, however, they
have been extended in order to be applied to other algebraic structures such as preorders and orders. In this paper, we investigate
an abstract form of rewriting, by following the paradigm of logical-system independency. To achieve this purpose, we provide a few simple conditions (or axioms) under which rewriting (and then the set of classical
properties and methods) can be modeled, understood, studied, proven, and generalized. This enables us to extend rewriting
techniques to other algebraic structures than congruences and preorders such as congruences closed under monotonicity and
modus ponens. We introduce convergent rewrite systems that enable one to describe deduction procedures for their corresponding
theory, and we propose a Knuth-Bendix–style completion procedure in this abstract framework. 相似文献
10.
Hamid Ansari Ardeh Masoud Shariatpanahi Mansour Nikkhah Bahrami 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2008,37(2):203-214
This paper presents a new approach to the shape optimization of road speed humps. The proposed approach is based on multiobjective
genetic optimization of the hump profile while taking into account the separation phenomenon, which occurs when the front
tires of the vehicle momentarily lose contact with the road surface. The optimization is carried out for speeds up to twice
the authorized speed (throughout this article, the term authorized speed refers to speed limits enforced in speed reduction [bump] areas of the roads) rather than for illegally high speeds as adopted
by many of the previous works. A 6-degree of freedom non-linear dynamic model is used to identify the speeds at which separation
occurs, and hump profiles associated with these speeds are discarded as infeasible solutions. Three independent objective
functions are selected for optimization. They include the maximum vertical acceleration experienced by the driver when crossing
the hump below the authorized speed limit (to be minimized), the same vertical acceleration at speeds above the authorized
speed (to be maximized), and the ascending ratio of the “speed—vertical acceleration” curve (to be maximized). These objective
functions are evaluated for more than 10,000 humps of two popular profile types (sinusoidal and flat top with straight ramps)
and optimum profiles for three speed limits of 20, 25, and 30km/h are determined using the multiobjective nondominated sorting
genetic algorithm II. As a result, a Pareto front of at least ten optimal points is achieved for each of the two hump profile
types. Furthermore, to incorporate the economical aspects of the real-world problem, Pareto optimal points for the two profile
types were compared based on their lateral section areas (an indication of the manufacturing cost). The comparison shows that
sinusoidal humps more often than not outdo their flat top rivals economically. 相似文献