LSI channel routing algorithms

A new method is proposed and an algorithm is developed for two-wire channel routing in a two-layer board, with horizontal interconnections made in one layer and vertical interconnections in the other layer.Translated from Kibernetika, No. 3, pp. 32–35, May–June, 1991.     

A mixture of tris(propenyl)phosphinoxides: A new effective collector reagent for copper-nickel ore flotation

The properties of a new collector reagent (SF-239) based on a mixture of tris(propenyl)phosphinoxides have been studied with respect to the flotation of copper-nickel ores. For the flotation of chalcopyritecubanite ores, the new collector gives a 1.82% increase in copper yield into the concentrate as compared to a butyl aeroflot collector.     

PumpKin: A tool to find principal pathways in plasma chemical models

PumpKin is a software package to find all principal pathways, i.e. the dominant reaction sequences, in chemical reaction systems. Although many tools are available to integrate numerically arbitrarily complex chemical reaction systems, few tools exist in order to analyze the results and interpret them in relatively simple terms. In particular, due to the large disparity in the lifetimes of the interacting components, it is often useful to group reactions into pathways that recycle the fastest species. This allows a researcher to focus on the slow chemical dynamics, eliminating the shortest timescales. Based on the algorithm described by Lehmann (2004), PumpKin automates the process of finding such pathways, allowing the user to analyze complex kinetics and to understand the consumption and production of a certain species of interest. We designed PumpKin with an emphasis on plasma chemical systems but it can also be applied to atmospheric modeling and to industrial applications such as plasma medicine and plasma-assisted combustion.     

Structural Characterization of the Degradation Products of a Minor Natural Sweet Diterpene Glycoside Rebaudioside M under Acidic Conditions

Degradation of rebaudioside M, a minor sweet component of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, under conditions that simulated extreme pH and temperature conditions has been studied. Thus, rebaudioside M was treated with 0.1 M phosphoric acid solution (pH 2.0) and 80 °C temperature for 24 h. Experimental results indicated that rebaudioside M under low pH and higher temperature yielded three minor degradation compounds, whose structural characterization was performed on the basis of 1D (¹H-, ¹³C-) & 2D (COSY, HSQC, HMBC) NMR, HRMS, MS/MS spectral data as well as enzymatic and acid hydrolysis studies.     

The Effect of a Humate Reagent and Sodium Oleate on the Wettability of Fluorite,Calcite, and Quartz

Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering - The effect of a humate reagent obtained from oxidized brown coal and sodium oleate on the wettability of minerals present in the composition of...     

Epidural Stimulation Combined with Triple Gene Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment

The translation of new therapies for spinal cord injury to clinical trials can be facilitated with large animal models close in morpho-physiological scale to humans. Here, we report functional restoration and morphological reorganization after spinal contusion in pigs, following a combined treatment of locomotor training facilitated with epidural electrical stimulation (EES) and cell-mediated triple gene therapy with umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells overexpressing recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule. Preliminary results obtained on a small sample of pigs 2 months after spinal contusion revealed the difference in post-traumatic spinal cord outcomes in control and treated animals. In treated pigs, motor performance was enabled by EES and the corresponding morpho-functional changes in hind limb skeletal muscles were accompanied by the reorganization of the glial cell, the reaction of stress cell, and synaptic proteins. Our data demonstrate effects of combined EES-facilitated motor training and cell-mediated triple gene therapy after spinal contusion in large animals, informing a background for further animal studies and clinical translation.     

ω-Perfect graphs

-Perfect graph is defined and some classes of -perfect graphs are described, although the characterization of the complete class of -perfect graphs remains an open question. A bound on the chromatic number for graphs without even holes is derived.Translated from Kibernetika, No. 2, pp. 8–11, March–April, 1990.