The Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes of Euclidean Geometry (EG) are encrypted and decrypted in numerous ways, namely Soft Bit Flipping (SBF), Sequential Peeling Decoder (SPD), Belief Propagation Decoder (BPD), Majority Logic Decoder/Detector (MLDD), and Parallel Peeling Decoder (PPD) decoding algorithms. These algorithms provide aextensive range of trade-offs between latency decoding, power consumption, hardware complexity-required resources, and error rate performance. Therefore, the problem is to communicate a sophisticated technique specifying the both soft and burst errors for effective information transmission. In this research, projected a technique named as Hybrid SBF (HSBF) decoder for EG-LDPC codes, which reduces the decoding complexity and maximizes the signal transmission and reception. In this paper, HSBF is also known as Self Reliability based Weighted Soft Bit Flipping (SRWSBF) Decoder. It is obvious from the outcomes that the proposed technique is better than the decoding algorithms SBF, MLDD, BPD, SPD and PPD. Using Xilinx synthesis and SPARTAN 3e, a simulation model is designed to investigate latency, hardware utilization and power consumption. Average latency of 16.65 percent is found to be reduced. It is observed that in considered synthesis parameters such as number of 4-input LUTs, number of slices, and number of bonded IOBs, excluding number of slice Flip-Flops, hardware utilization is minimized to an average of 4.25 percent. The number of slices Flip-Flops resource use in the proposed HSBF decoding algorithm is slightly higher than other decoding algorithms, i.e. 1.85%. It is noted that, over the decoding algorithms considered in this study, the proposed research study minimizes power consumption by an average of 41.68%. These algorithms are used in multimedia applications, processing systems for security and information.
Lead tungsten tellurite (LTT) glasses doped with different Dy3+ ion concentrations have been prepared and characterized through optical absorption, photoluminescence and decay measurements. The glassy nature of the LTT host has been confirmed through the XRD measurements. The three phenomelogical intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) have been determined from the absorption spectral intensities using the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The hypersensitivity of 6H15/2 → 6F11/2 transition based on the magnitude of Ω2 parameter has also been discussed. By using the J-O intensity parameters several radiative properties such as spontaneous transition probabilities (AR), fluorescence branching ratios (βR) and radiative lifetimes (τR) have been determined. The effect of Dy3+ ion concentration on the emission intensities of 4F9/2 → 6HJ′ (J′ = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2 and 9/2) transitions has also been reported. 相似文献
Glasses with chemical composition of (in mol.%): 26 RF-20 PbO-10 TeO2-43 H3BO3-1 EuO3 (RLTB) were prepared by conventional melt quenching method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω2 and Ω6 were obtained from the absorption intensities of 7F0→5D2 and 7F0→5L6 transitions, respectively. In order to overcome the problem of applicability of Judd-Ofelt analysis at room temperature due to the overlapping of the transitions originating from 7F0 and 7F1 levels of Eu3+ ion, the effect of the thermalization on the population of energy levels was taken into account. The photoluminescence spectra contained five emission bands originating from the 5D0 metastable state to 7FJ (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) lower lying states. The decay profiles were found to be single exponential in all the three glasses. The measured lifetimes (τmes) were in good agreement with the calculated lifetimes (τcal) obtained by using the thermally corrected Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. 相似文献
We report the fluorescence properties of Sm3+-doped lead telluroborate glasses of composition PbF2.TeO2.H3BO3.Sm2O3 as a function of Sm3+ concentration. A Judd-Ofelt scheme was used to determine the intensity parameters and radiative properties of Sm3+ ion. The emission and decay measurements were carried out at 402 nm excitation. Beyond 1.0 mol% Sm3+ concentration, the luminescence quenching is observed. The decay curves of 4G5/2 level are well fitted to a single exponential function. The evaluated radiative properties suggest that the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition is responsible for reddish-orange luminescence which might be used in the development of visible lasers. 相似文献
Different concentrations of trivalent samarium (Sm3+) ions doped cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles were fabricated by one-step solid-state method at low temperature using C10H6(SO3Na)2 as surfactant for optoelectronic and solar cell applications. They were characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence studies. These nanoparticles establish cubic structure without any foreign phase and it was confirmed by Raman studies. The Raman spectrum of CdS nanoparticles shows first three longitudinal optical phonon orders. The adjacent lattice fringes were spaced about 0.30 nm. The direct band gap energy was found slightly higher than the bulk crystallites. The photoluminescence spectra of CdS: Sm3+ exhibits a broad peak at 563 nm with a shoulder at around 607 nm corresponding to Sm3+: 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition at 402 nm excitation. A luminescence quenching was noticed at higher Sm3+ ions concentration due to transfer of energy among the excited Sm3+ ions. The CdS: Sm3+ particles were fabricated with a size of the order of nanoscale and they can be used for efficient energy conversion. The studied CdS: Sm3+ nanoparticles are suitable for optoelectronic and solar cell applications. 相似文献
The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively. 相似文献