Refractories for handling steel outside a furnace

A range of refractories is presented for handling steel outside a furnace, which are produced by the Borovichi Refractories Corporation. The refractory characteristics and working features are given. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 9, pp. 29–35, September, 2008.     

碳气化反应热力学的影响因素分析

碳气化反应是铁氧化物碳热还原的重要环节.为了揭示各因素对碳气化反应热力学的影响规律,本文就温度对碳气化反应平衡常数和平衡CO压力分数,碳储能对平衡常数、平衡温度和平衡CO压力分数,以及总压和惰性气体分压对平衡温度和平衡CO压力分数的影响进行了理论分析.结果表明,储能/温度一定时,平衡常数随温度/储能的增加而增大.储能、总压和惰气分压一定时,平衡CO压力分数随温度的升高而增大;温度、总压和惰气分压一定时,平衡CO压力分数随储能的增加而增大,导致在一定总压和惰气分压下达到相同的平衡CO压力分数所需温度降低.在温度、储能和惰性气体分压一定的条件下,当总压、惰气分压和平衡常数之间满足一定代数关系时,平衡CO压力分数随总压的增加而增大/减小,导致在一定储能和惰气分压下达到相同的平衡CO压力分数所需温度降低/提高.在一定温度、储能和总压下,平衡CO压力分数随惰气分压的增加而减小,导致在一定储能和总压下达到相同平衡CO压力分数所需温度提高.     

Environmental impact assessment of bio-hydrogenated diesel from hydrogen and co-product of palm oil industry

Bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) is a second generation biofuel that can be produced from vegetable oil and hydrogen via hydroprocessing. BHD is considered as one of alternative and renewable energy. This work presents evaluation of environmental impacts of BHD produced from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) compared to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Greenhouse gas emission, energy consumption, and overall environmental impacts are assessed. System boundary is from palm oil cultivation to BHD production. The functional unit is defined as 1 kg of fuel produced at the plant. The results indicate that energy consumption of BHD-PFAD is 1.18 times higher than that of BHD-FAME, while giving GHG emission 13.56 times lower than that of BHD-FAME. The results of overall environmental impacts indicated that BHD-PFAD was 3.58 greater than that of BHD-FAME.     

Combine confirms business-like reputation

New products are presented in the OAO Borovichi Refractory Combine display at the international exhibition Metal-Expo ‘2009. Refractory physicochemical properties are provided. Awards, obtained as a result of good work are listed.     

Reversible luminescence modulation of Ho‐doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoelectrics with high luminescence contrast

A significant luminescence modulation behavior based on photochromic reactions was observed in Ho³⁺‐doped (Na_0.52K_0.48)_0.92Li_0.08NbO₃ ceramics, fabricated by the conventional solid‐state reaction method. Under visible light irradiation (407 nm) for 20 second, the samples changed pale gray from initial pale green, and returned to their original color by a thermal stimulus of 230°C for 10 minutes, showing typical photochromic phenomenon. Under 453 nm excitation, the samples exhibited strong green emission at 551 nm. Interestingly, their green emission intensity can be effectively tailored by controlling photochromic reaction processes (irradiation wavelength and time), and the luminescent modulation ratio (ΔR_t) reaches up to 77%. And, the ΔR_t value has no any obvious degradation after 10 cycles by alternating visible light irradiation and thermal stimulus, showing excellent reversibility. These results make it potential applications in many fields as a kind of multifunctional material.     

Host Material for Multi-Color Display with High and Stable Electro-Phosphorescent Efficiencies: Meta-Linkage for Balanced Hole and Electron Injection

Novel host materials and their molecular design methods for phosphorescent materials are crucial for the application of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), which require balanced carrier injection and sufficient triplet energy levels (E_T). Herein, two host materials, namely PPI22PPPBO and PPI33PPPBO, are designed by varying the linkage of benzoxazole (PBO) and phenanthroimidazole (PPI) groups with appropriate E_T for green, yellow, and red phosphors. The meta-link PPI33PPPBO is not only of smaller π-conjugation, but also of more ordered face-to-face stacking for enhanced and more balanced carrier mobility. As a result, the green, yellow, and red PhOLEDs utilizing PPI33PPPBO as host materials show low turn-on voltages of 2.8 V. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of the corresponding devices reaches 22.8%, 26.7%, and 17.6%, which is superior to that of the traditional host materials CBP and mCP, showing great application potential. More importantly, when the luminance is 1000 cd m⁻², their EQE can still be as high as 21.9%, 25.5%, and 16.4%, corresponding to negligible efficiency roll-offs of only 3.9%, 4.5%, and 6.8%. To the best of authors knowledge, it is the first time that PBO is applied to PhOLED host materials using a twisted connection method.     

斜井有杆泵诊断技术

针对斜井采油出现的抽油杆与油管之间、油管与套管之间磨损严重 ,抽油杆易脱扣 ,抽油泵易损坏 ,泵效低 ,检泵周期短等问题 ,开发了斜井有杆泵诊断技术 ,该技术的应用对及时了解深井泵的工作状况 ,诊断井下抽油杆柱不同深度的磨擦情况 ,优化设计杆柱组合等提供了理论依据 ,提高了斜井泵效 ,延长了斜井检泵周期 ,较好地解决了斜井生产、管理中的难题。     

多功能测试堵头的研制与应用

针对目前测试堵头在使用过程中存在的弊端 ,研制了多功能测试堵头。该堵头结构简单、方便实用、安全可靠 ,有效解决了钢丝的防腐问题 ,杜绝了测试“冒顶”事故的发生 ,经现场多次试验及应用 ,效果明显。     

烟草钾离子通道研究进展

K+通道是烟草吸收K+的重要途径之一.近年来,已从多种植物或同种植物的不同组织器官中分离到多种K+通道基因.笔者从K+通道基因类型、K+通道基因的克隆与功能、K+吸收机制和K+通道分子调控技术等方面综述了烟草K+通道研究现状与进展.对应用生物工程技术改良烟草的钾营养性状进行了讨论,并对利用现代生物技术手段提高烟叶含钾量进行了展望.     

某多金属共生钼矿石的综合利用

研究了某钼、铋、金、银、铜、锌等多金属共生矿石的工艺矿物学特征。根据矿石性质,试验采用常规浮选—化学选矿的工艺流程,成功地实现了矿石中有用组份的合理回收利用。