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1.
Analysis and architecture design of variable block-size motion estimation for H.264/AVC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ching-Yeh Chen Shao-Yi Chien Yu-Wen Huang Tung-Chien Chen Tu-Chih Wang Liang-Gee Chen 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2006,53(3):578-593
Variable block-size motion estimation (VBSME) has become an important video coding technique, but it increases the difficulty of hardware design. In this paper, we use inter-/intra-level classification and various data flows to analyze the impact of supporting VBSME in different hardware architectures. Furthermore, we propose two hardware architectures that can support traditional fixed block-size motion estimation as well as VBSME with less chip area overhead compared to previous approaches. By broadcasting reference pixel rows and propagating partial sums of absolute differences (SADs), the first design has the fewer reference pixel registers and a shorter critical path. The second design utilizes a two-dimensional distortion array and one adder tree with the reference buffer that can maximize the data reuse between successive searching candidates. The first design is suitable for low resolution or a small search range, and the second design has advantages of supporting a high degree of parallelism and VBSME. Finally, we propose an eight-parallel SAD tree with a shared reference buffer for H.264/AVC integer motion estimation (IME). Its processing ability is eight times of the single SAD tree, but the reference buffer size is only doubled. Moreover, the most critical issue of H.264 IME, which is huge memory bandwidth, is overcome. We are able to save 99.9% off-chip memory bandwidth and 99.22% on-chip memory bandwidth. We demonstrate a 720-p, 30-fps solution at 108 MHz with 330.2k gate count and 208k bits on-chip memory. 相似文献
2.
Ching-Yeh Shiau 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,54(1):7-12
The understanding of the permeation rate of metal ions through liquid membranes is important for the design of such systems. In this paper, the permeation rates of copper ions through liquid surfactant membranes, including interfacial reaction rates and the diffusion rate of the copper ion, were analyzed using a model based on a mobilized hollow spherical globule configuration. The analysis shows that the extracting reaction is dominant at the external interface of the membrane and the stripping reaction is dominant at the internal interface; this means the reactions at both interfaces are not in equilibrium during the course of extraction. It also shows that the extraction rate, the diffusion rate and the stripping rate are not of equal value, especially at the early stage of the run. 相似文献
3.
4.
CI Henschke DF Yankelevitz A Wand SD Davis M Shiau 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,34(1):21-31
264 patients with cancer of larynx, 21 female and 234 male, had a testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) before the treatment in serum estimated. Because of dependence of levels of hormones the group of patients was divided into three following groups: "lower than standard", "standard", "higher than standard". The correlation between these groups and sex, age, localization of tumor, organs' advances, stage of morphological malignancy and type of cancer was reported. Anomalous values of testosterone were in male group more frequently reported. Anomalous values of SHBG were similar in male and female groups, but in the female group there was a significant majority of "lower than standard" values reported. The majority of abnormal values of testosterone and SHBG was described in groups of age higher than 50 years. There were no differences in testosterone and SHBG levels in different localization of tumors in larynx. In advanced stage T3 and T4 there were more frequent lower mean values of testosterone levels and higher values of SHBG levels in comparison to T2 stages. In tumors in G1 and G2 stages of histological malignancy higher levels of SHBG and higher mean levels of testosterone. The tumors in stage G3 the hormone levels were lowers were observed. The levels of SHBG in groups of carcinoma planoepitheliale keratodes were in 66% higher than in a group of carcinoma planoepitheliale akeratodes but in both groups the levels of testosterone were nearing the same. In group of patients with larynx cancer the negative correlation between the levels of testosterone and SHBG was not observed. Higher SHBG levels were not always accompanied by lower testosterone levels. 相似文献
5.
Ting-Nung Shiau Chung-Hao Kang De-Shin Liu 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2008,36(6):623-631
A new interval optimization algorithm is presented in this paper. In engineering, most optimization algorithms focus on exact
parameters and optimum objectives. However, exact parameters are not easy to be manufactured to because of manufacturing errors
and expensive manufacturing cost. To account for these problems, it is necessary to estimate interval design parameters and
allowable objective error. This is the first paper to propose a new interval optimization algorithm within the context of
Genetic Algorithms. This new algorithm, the Interval Genetic Algorithm (IGA), can neglect interval analysis and determines
the optimum interval parameters. Furthermore, it can also effectively maximize the design scope. The optimizing ability of
the IGA is tested through the interval optimization of a two-dimensional function. Then the IGA is applied to rotor-bearing
systems. The results show that the IGA is effective in deriving optimal interval design parameters within the allowable error
when minimizing shaft weight and/or transmitted force of rotor-bearing systems. 相似文献
6.
AbstractThe time evolution of entanglement between two quantum dots (QDs) trapped inside a cavity driven by a coherent quantized field is studied. In the presence of dissipation, entanglement shows many interesting features such as sudden death and revival, and finite steady state value after sudden death. We also investigate dependence of entanglement on dot variables and its relation to bistability. It is found that entanglement vanishes when the cavity field intensity approaches the upper branch of the bistability curve. When the cavity is driven by a modulated field in the presence of dissipation, it can periodically generate entanglement, which is much larger than the maximum value attained in the steady-state for this system but the dots are never fully entangled. 相似文献
7.
Yau-Ren Shiau 《国际生产研究杂志》2013,51(8):1787-1806
Producing high-quality products at low cost is always one concern for a multi-stage manufacturing system. That is, production costs and inspection efficiency should receive equal importance. Inspection planning to allocate inspection stations should then be performed to manage limited inspection resources during process planning. Product quality and the possible costs can then be concurrently considered when evaluating a manufacturing plan. Except for finite inspection station classes, the limited number of inspection stations of each inspection station class is considered to solve the inspection allocation problem in this research. Rather than utilizing a constant inspection error or a specified inspection error probability distribution determined by previous observations, the inspection allocation problem is solved using relative cost models in which the inspection error model is embedded. The inspection allocation problem can then be solved by practically reflecting the inspection error when tolerances are rapidly changed to satisfy customer requirements. Since determining the optimal inspection allocation plan seems impractical as the problem size becomes quite large, two heuristic methods have been developed by considering the defective rate, manufacturing cost and earliest stage priority in this research. The performance of each method is measured in comparison with the enumeration method that generates the optimal solution. A feasible manufacturing plan can then be determined and confirmed during process planning by concurrently solving the inspection allocation problem. 相似文献
8.
Shiau T.H. Sun S. Schaus C.F. Zheng K. Hadley G.R. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1990,2(8):534-536
A simple fabrication process for InGaAs strained quantum well leaky-mode laser arrays is demonstrated. The arrays are ten-element devices grown by two-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The structure consists of a strained quantum well InGaAs graded index-separate confinement active region and a thin (0.12 μm), transparent GaAs waveguide region. The near-field pattern typical of leaky-mode phase-locked arrays was measured. Fundamental mode oscillation was observed up to 2 A (threshold was as low as 175 mA). The authors observed a 1 μs pulsed optical output power of 172 mW per facet and a far-field angle (full width at half maximum) of 1.6 times the diffraction limit at 1 A. This is the first reported operation of a strained quantum well leaky-mode laser utilizing a built-in index step 相似文献
9.
In this paper we present a Histogram Matching Approach (HMA) for assessment of the flow regime alteration. The HMA uses the degree of histogram dissimilarity as a metric for impact assessment, which is based on the quadratic‐form distance between the frequency vectors of the pre‐ and post‐impact histograms weighted by a specified similarity matrix. The HMA is coupled with an aggregated multiobjective optimization genetic algorithm and applied to a case study on the Kaoping diversion weir (Taiwan) for determining the optimal environmental flow scheme that balances the ecosystem and human needs objectives. Two key issues are addressed in this study. First, we compare the performances of the HMA and existing Range of Variability Approach (RVA). Second, we employ three types of similarity function to investigate their effect on the outcomes of the HMA. The results reveal that the HMA consistently outperforms the RVA in preserving the natural flow variability regardless of what type of similarity function is used. No single type of similarity function can be found that would simultaneously best preserve the natural patterns of 32 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). For the situations where the water‐supply reliability is of critical concern, the pulse similarity is recommended because it would assure the smallest water‐supply deficit. If, however, minor degradation in the water‐supply reliability may be overlooked, the linear similarity is suggested because it would generally result in the post‐impact flows that most satisfactorily resemble to the natural flow regime. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Fitting Drought Duration and Severity with Two-Dimensional Copulas 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
J. T. Shiau 《Water Resources Management》2006,20(5):795-815
This study aims to model the joint drought duration and severity distribution using two-dimensional copulas. The method of inference function for margins (IFM method) is employed to construct copulas. Two separate maximum likelihood estimations of univariate marginal distributions are performed first, then followed by a maximization of the bivariate likelihood as a function of the dependence parameters. The drought duration and severity are assumed to be exponential and gamma distributions, respectively. Several copulas are tested to determine the best data fitted copula. Droughts, defined using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), of Wushantou (Taiwan) are employed as an example to illustrate the proposed methodology. The copula fitting results for drought duration and severity are quite satisfactory. The bivariate drought analyses, including the joint probabilities and bivariate return periods, based on the derived copula-based joint distribution are also investigated to demonstrate the advantages of bivariate modeling of droughts. 相似文献