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排序方式: 共有72条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Two studies examined the effects of cross-group friendships on heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men. In Study 1, the authors tested the effects of cross-group friendships with gay men on out-group attitudes, meta-attitudinal strength, and attitude accessibility. The authors simultaneously explored mediational effects of intergroup anxiety. Path analysis showed that cross-group friendships were associated with meta-attitudinally stronger and more accessible out-group attitudes, and the effects on all 3 criterion variables were mediated by intergroup anxiety. In Study 2, the authors sought to replicate the basic results of Study 1, while additionally exploring mediational effects of closeness of cross-group friendship and moderational effects of perceived group typicality. Structural equation modeling showed that cross-group friendships were associated with meta-attitudinally stronger and more accessible out-group attitudes; friendships had indirect effects on all 3 criterion variables, via closeness of friendship and intergroup anxiety. Closeness of friendship only predicted lower intergroup anxiety, however, when the out-group friend was perceived as highly typical. The authors emphasize the importance of considering the nature of out-group attitudes more completely when evaluating the effectiveness of intergroup contact in reducing prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Vasilia Tamamouna Evangelia Pavlou Christiana M. Neophytou Panagiotis Papageorgis Paul Costeas 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(22)
Cancer recurrence and metastasis, following successful treatment, constitutes a critical threat in clinical oncology and are the leading causes of death amongst cancer patients. This phenomenon is largely attributed to metastatic tumor dormancy, a rate-limiting stage during cancer progression, in which disseminated cancer cells remain in a viable, yet not proliferating state for a prolonged period. Dormant cancer cells are characterized by their entry into cell cycle arrest and survival in a quiescence state to adapt to their new microenvironment through the acquisition of mutations and epigenetic modifications, rendering them resistant to anti-cancer treatment and immune surveillance. Under favorable conditions, disseminated dormant tumor cells ‘re-awake’, resume their proliferation and thus colonize distant sites. Due to their rarity, detection of dormant cells using current diagnostic tools is challenging and, thus, therapeutic targets are hard to be identified. Therefore, unraveling the underlying mechanisms required for keeping disseminating tumor cells dormant, along with signals that stimulate their “re-awakening” are crucial for the discovery of novel pharmacological treatments. In this review, we shed light into the main mechanisms that control dormancy induction and escape as well as emerging therapeutic strategies for the eradication of metastatic dormant cells, including dormancy maintenance, direct targeting of dormant cells and re-awakening dormant cells. Studies on the ability of the metastatic cancer cells to cease proliferation and survive in a quiescent state before re-initiating proliferation and colonization years after successful treatment, will pave the way toward developing innovative therapeutic strategies against dormancy-mediated metastatic outgrowth. 相似文献
3.
Christiana Rissing Marcelo Rains David Y. Son 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2010,20(4):616-621
Oligomers consisting of alternating phenylethynyl and monosilyl or disilanyl moieties were synthesized in 15–64% precipitated
yields by the reactions of dilithiated ethynylbenzene with dichlorodimethylsilane, dichlorodiphenylsilane, and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane.
Degrees of polymerization were fairly low due to chain termination reactions involving the deprotonation of ethynyl groups
by aryllithium species. The presence of butyl chain ends was confirmed by 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. 29Si NMR spectroscopy was utilized to illustrate the random pattern of connectivity along the oligomer backbones. The oligomers
exhibit fluorescent behavior in solution. 相似文献
4.
Chiarello Christine; Welcome Suzanne E.; Halderman Laura K.; Towler Stephen; Julagay Janelle; Otto Ronald; Leonard Christiana M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,23(2):210
The authors report findings of a large-scale, multitask investigation of sex differences in both structural asymmetries and lateralization of word reading. Two hundred participants were tested in eight divided visual field lexical tasks, and each received a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan. The authors examined whether there was evidence for sex differences in overall measures of neuroanatomical and behavioral lateralization, in specific language tasks and brain regions, and in variation in asymmetry within and across tasks and brain regions. There was very little evidence for sex differences on any behavioral measure. The few indications of sex differences in the current report accounted for 2% or less of the individual variation in asymmetry and could not be replicated in independent subsamples. No sex differences were observed in the asymmetry of structures in Broca's and Wernicke's areas such as pars triangularis, pars opercularis, the planum temporale, planum parietale, or Heschl's gyrus. There were also no sex differences in the variability of neuroanatomical asymmetries within or between brain regions. However, a significant relationship between planum temporale and behavioral asymmetry was restricted to men. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
On the matrix cracking stress and the redistribution of internal stresses in brittle-matrix composites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A concept is proposed to increase the matrix cracking stress of some brittle-matrix composites by taking advantage of the redistribution of internal stresses that occurs when a composite with phases that have dissimilar creep behavior is subjected to thermomechanical loading. The concept is elaborated through the stress analysis of a model unidirectional composite with constituents that exhibit linear viscoelastic behavior. It is shown that if a composite with a matrix that is less creep resistant than the fibers is subjected to a treatment involving both thermal and mechanical loading (e.g. creep test), stresses can be transferred from the matrix to the fibers, resulting in the stress–relaxation of the matrix. Furthermore, it is also shown that by the elastic recovery of the fibers, the matrix can be subjected to large compressive residual stresses at the end of the treatment. The conditions for the viability of this concept and the implications of fiber overloading and potential loss of composite-like behavior are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Pavel Solopov Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli Christiana Dimitropoulou John D. Catravas 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
We developed two models of chemically induced chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in mice (intratracheally administered hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intratracheally administered nitrogen mustard (NM)) and investigated male–female differences. Female mice exhibited higher 30-day survival and less weight loss than male mice. Thirty days after the instillation of either HCl or NM, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid displayed a persistent, mild inflammatory response, but with higher white blood cell numbers and total protein content in males vs. females. Furthermore, females exhibited less collagen deposition, milder pulmonary fibrosis, and lower Ashcroft scores. After instillation of either HCl or NM, all animals displayed increased values of phosphorylated (activated) Heat Shock Protein 90, which plays a crucial role in the alveolar wound-healing processes; however, females presented lower activation of both transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways: ERK and SMAD. We propose that female mice are protected from chronic complications of a single exposure to either HCl or NM through a lesser activation of TGF-β and downstream signaling. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer a protective effect in females could help develop new, gender-specific therapeutics for IPF. 相似文献
7.
George TSIRPANLIS Fotini BOUFIDOU Margarita ZOGA George TRIANTAFYLLIS Alexandra FATOUROU Kyriaki STAMATELOU Aliki BLETA Christiana PETRIHOU Stylianos CHATZIPANAGIOTOU Chrysoula NICOLAOU 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2009,13(2):197-204
Low and not high cholesterol seems to predict high mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The confirmation of this reverse epidemiology as well as its possible interconnection with the increased inflammatory activity observed in this population is being explored in the present study. A group of 136 HD patients was prospectively studied for 2 years, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as all-cause mortality and morbidity were recorded. Baseline lipid profile, inflammatory status, and patients' characteristics were studied as potential survival and hospitalization predictors. During the 24-month follow-up, 21 deaths (52.4% due to CVD) and 38 hospitalizations (55.3% due to CVD) were recorded. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, decreased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased total serum cholesterol (TChol) were the only independent predictors of CVD mortality while C-reactive protein and decreased TChol predicted all-cause mortality. Interleukin-10 at baseline was 11.29 ± 21.49 vs. 5.51 ± 4.57 pg/mL (P<0.018) and TChol 167.37 ± 47.84 vs.122.04 ± 26.48 mg/dL (P<0.000) in survivors vs. nonsurvivors from CVD, while C-reactive protein at baseline was 9.37 ± 11.54 vs. 23.15 ± 18.76 mg/L (P<0.000) and TChol 169.26 ± 46.42 vs. 133.26 ± 46.33 mg/dL (P<0.003) in survivors vs. nonsurvivors from any cause of death. Using the same method of statistical analysis, IL-6 and decreased soluble gp130 (sgp130)—an antagonist of IL-6 action—were found to be the only independent prognostic factors for hospitalization due to CVD while decreased soluble gp130 remained the sole predictor of hospitalization due to any cause. In conclusion, reverse epidemiology regarding cholesterol is confirmed in the present study. Furthermore, inflammatory activity also predicts, independently of or in conjunction with low-cholesterol, CVD and all-cause morbidity and mortality in HD patients. 相似文献
8.
Turner Rhiannon N.; Hewstone Miles; Voci Alberto; Vonofakou Christiana 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,95(4):843
S. C. Wright, A. Aron, T. McLaughlin-Volpe, and S. A. Ropp (1997) proposed that the benefits associated with cross-group friendship might also stem from vicarious experiences of friendship. Extended contact was proposed to reduce prejudice by reducing intergroup anxiety, by generating perceptions of positive ingroup and outgroup norms regarding the other group, and through inclusion of the outgroup in the self. This article documents the first test of Wright et al.'s model, which used structural equation modeling among two independent samples in the context of South Asian-White relations in the United Kingdom. Supporting the model, all four variables mediated the relationship between extended contact and outgroup attitude, controlling for the effect of direct contact. A number of alternative models were ruled out, indicating that the four mediators operate concurrently rather than predicting one another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
Sunday Y. Giami Simeon C. Achinewhu & Christiana Ibaakee 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2005,40(6):613-620
Replacing wheatflour (WHF) with defatted fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) seed flour (FPF) at levels of 0–25% was investigated for its effect on chemical, physical, sensory and nutritional properties of cookies (biscuits). Protein quality was evaluated by using weanling albino rats fed a diet of cookies, which were formulated to supply 10% protein, with a casein diet as a control. Up to 15% substitution of WHF with FPF produced acceptable cookies with spread ratio, hardness, colour and flavour similar to the control (100% WHF) cookies. Use of higher levels (20–25%), however, resulted in reduction in these quality attributes. When WHF was replaced with 15% FPF, there was an increase of 84.6% in crude protein, 62.9% in calcium, 131.0% in potassium and 61.6% in phosphorus contents of composite cookies. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the values obtained for protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and true digestibility of cookie diets containing 15–20% FPF, and casein when fed to rats. 相似文献
10.
Rotimi Williams Braimoh Monica Omolara Mabayoje Christiana Oluwatoyin Amira Babawale Taslim Bello 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2014,18(1):148-152
Patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are usually exposed to large volumes of dialysate, which is separated from patients' blood only by thin membrane of dialyzer. It is therefore essential to frequently monitor the quality of HD water to ensure that it meets the recommended standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of HD water in Lagos, Nigeria. Four sets of pre‐ and post‐treatment water samples, 20 mL each, were collected from six HD centers in Lagos and tested for microbial contamination using the molten Tryptic soy agar in accordance with Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG). Pyrogen tests were also conducted on pre‐ and post‐treatment samples using standard technique. Information on water treatment modalities, maintenance practices and quality control measures in each center were obtained using a questionnaire. All centers use treated water for HD purpose. None of the HD centers met EBPG/AAMI guidelines for microbial contaminants as the mean levels of Escherichia coli in both feed and treated water were 441.7 ± 87.90 and 168.5 ± 64.03, respectively. E. coli was the commonest organism isolated in both feed and treated water in all the centers. HD water quality is still a neglected problem in our environment and more efforts are required to ensure good water quality for HD purpose. 相似文献