三轴感应电阻率测井新技术

一种新型感应电阻率测井仪器能够提供远离井筒地层的三维信息,提高斜井和倾斜地层的电阻率测量精度,而且不需要接触井壁就能够直接测量地层倾角大小和方位。采用这种高精度三轴电阻率测井仪器可以减少漏掉油气层的机会,加强对储层的认识。     

Gauge theory of defects in the elastic continuum

A gauge theory of defects in an elastic continuum is developed after providing the necessary background in continuum elasticity and gauge theories. The gauge group is the three-dimensional (3D) Euclidean group [semi-direct product of the translation group T (3) with the rotation group SO (3)]. We obtainboth dislocations and disclinations by breaking of the translational invariance. Breaking of the rotational invariance is shownnot to lead to any interesting effects in a linear analysis. These results are shown to be consistent with the topological analysis which is briefly discussed at the end of the paper. Any defect given by the present theory acquires acore which removes the singularity of the stress field at the origin. The stress field agrees with the continuum result asymptotically, as is expected. Geometrical aspects of the deformed state of condensed matter are also briefly touched upon.     

Synthetic resins. XX. Chelation ion exchange properties of resins derived from semicarbazone of 2-hydroxy acetophenone-substituted benzoic acid–formaldehyde

A number of resins have been synthesized by reacting orthohydroxy acetophenone-semicarbazone with substituted benzoic acid and formaldehyde in the presence of some acid and basic catalyst. The physicochemical properties of the resins have been reported. The ion exchange properties of the resins have been investigated. Influence of electrolytes on the metal uptake of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺ has been studied. The distribution of metal ions at different pH has also been reported. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Proofing Direct-Seeded Rice with Better Root Plasticity and Architecture

The underground reserve (root) has been an uncharted research territory with its untapped genetic variation yet to be exploited. Identifying ideal traits and breeding new rice varieties with efficient root system architecture (RSA) has great potential to increase resource-use efficiency and grain yield, especially under direct-seeded rice, by adapting to aerobic soil conditions. In this review, we tried to mine the available research information on the direct-seeded rice (DSR) root system to highlight the requirements of different root traits such as root architecture, length, number, density, thickness, diameter, and angle that play a pivotal role in determining the uptake of nutrients and moisture at different stages of plant growth. RSA also faces several stresses, due to excess or deficiency of moisture and nutrients, low or high temperature, or saline conditions. To counteract these hindrances, adaptation in response to stress becomes essential. Candidate genes such as early root growth enhancer PSTOL1, surface rooting QTL qSOR1, deep rooting gene DRO1, and numerous transporters for their respective nutrients and stress-responsive factors have been identified and validated under different circumstances. Identifying the desired QTLs and transporters underlying these traits and then designing an ideal root architecture can help in developing a suitable DSR cultivar and aid in further advancement in this direction.     

Structure of the replication terminus-terminator protein complex as probed by affinity cleavage

The replication terminator protein (RTP) of Bacillus subtilis is a homodimer that binds to each replication terminus and impedes replication fork movement in only one orientation with respect to the replication origin. The three-dimensional structure of the RTP-DNA complex needs to be determined to understand how structurally symmetrical dimers of RTP generate functional asymmetry. The functional unit of each replication terminus of Bacillus subtilis consists of four turns of DNA complexed with two interacting dimers of RTP. Although the crystal structure of the RTP apoprotein dimer has been determined at 2.6-A resolution, the functional unit of the terminus is probably too large and too flexible to lend itself to cocrystallization. We have therefore used an alternative strategy to delineate the three dimensional structure of the RTP-DNA complex by converting the protein into a site-directed chemical nuclease. From the pattern of base-specific cleavage of the terminus DNA by the chemical nuclease, we have mapped the amino acid to base contacts. Using these contacts as distance constraints, with the crystal structure of RTP, we have constructed a model of the DNA-protein complex. The biological implications of the model have been discussed.     

Next generation technologies to combat counterfeiting of electroniccomponents

Counterfeiting is now a global problem that accounts for close to 9% of all worldwide trade, according to the International Anti-Counterfeiting Association (IACA). Unfortunately counterfeiting is no longer restricted to clothes, designer watches, and stereos. The high technology industry has been hugely impacted by this activity. The reason is simple, economics, and availability. Counterfeiters, many of whom are agents of organized crime, wage campaigns that do little more than steal the intellectual property of large technology firms. Fortune 500 technology companies currently employ teams that do little less than conceive ways to protect the companies IP and secure their products - but most importantly secure their brand. Many of these programs entail the use of covert, or invisible, technologies to mark authentic product. How serious is this issue, important enough to have some of the worlds top CEOs spend an entire day at the World Economic Forum discussing how to combat the counterfeiting issue. In today's world, many companies are turning to new "Covert" technologies to mark their products. Tools such as chemically altered dyes and inks are employed to invisibly label authentic products, and to foil the efforts of counterfeiting criminals     

EURECA: European-Japanese Microcalorimeter Array

The EURECA project aims to demonstrate technological readiness of a micro-calorimeter array for application in future X-ray astronomy missions, like Constellation-X, EDGE, and XEUS. The prototype instrument consists of a 5×5 pixel array of TES-based micro-calorimeters read out by two SQUID-amplifier channels using frequency-domain-multiplexing (FDM) with digital base-band feedback. The detector array is cooled by a cryogen-free cryostat consisting of a pulse tube cooler and a two stage ADR. Initial tests of the system at the PTB beam line of the BESSY synchrotron showed stable performance and an X-ray energy resolution of 1.5 eV at 250 eV for read-out of one TES-pixel only. Next step is deployment of FDM to read-out the full array. Full performance demonstration is expected end 2008.      

Force between two parallel screw dislocations and application to linear screw dislocation pileups—Gauge theory results

An analytic expression for the force between two parallel screw dislocations, derived earlier on the basis of the gauge theory of dislocations, has been used to investigate the static distribution of a given numberN of parallel screw dislocations confined between two immobile dislocation obstacles. It is shown that in the limit of a continuous distribution of dislocations the equilibrium condition leads to a Fredholm integral equation of first type which does not admit any nontrivial solution. Implication of this result is discussed. For a finite number of dislocations, the ratio (η) of the obstacle separation to the core radius is an important parameter governing the nature of solution of the discrete equation. It is found that for a givenN, there is a critical valueη _c below which there does not exist any solution.     

Elastic continuum theories of lattice defects: a review

The presently available elastic continuum theories of lattice defects are reviewed. After introducing a few elementary concepts and the basic equations of elasticity the Eshelby’s theory of misfitting inclusions and inhomogeneities is outlined. Kovács’ result that any lattice defect can be described by a surface distribution of elastic dipoles is described. The generalization of the isotropic continuum approach to anisotropic models and to Eringen’s isotropic but non-local model is discussed. Kröner’s theroy (where a defect is viewed as a lack of strain compatibility in the medium) and the elastic field equations (formulated in a way analogous to Maxwell’s field equations of magnetostatics) are described. The concept of the dislocation density tensor is introduced and the utility of higher-order dislocation density correlation tensors is discussed. The beautiful theory of the affine differential geometry of stationary lattice defects developed by Kondo and Kröner is outlined. Kosevich’s attempt to include dynamics in the elastic field equations is described. Wadati’s quantum field theory of extended objects is mentioned qualitatively. Some potential areas of research are identified.