Hispolon Cyclodextrin Complexes and Their Inclusion in Liposomes for Enhanced Delivery in Melanoma Cell Lines

Hispolon, a phenolic pigment isolated from the mushroom species Phellinus linteus, has been investigated for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties; however, low solubility and poor bioavailability have limited its potential clinical translation. In this study, the inclusion complex of hispolon with Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) was characterized, and the Hispolon-SBEβCD Complex (HSC) was included within the sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) to further investigate its anticancer activity against melanoma cell lines. The HSC-trapped-Liposome (HSC-SL) formulation was investigated for its sustained drug delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity. The inclusion complex in the solid=state was confirmed by a Job’s plot analysis, molecular modeling, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The HSC-SL showed no appreciable deviation in size (<150 nm) and polydispersity index (<0.2) and improved drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%) as compared to control hispolon liposomes. Individually incorporated hispolon and SBEβCD in the liposomes (H-CD-SL) was not significant in loading the drug in the liposomes, compared to HSC-SL, as a substantial amount of free drug was separated during dialysis. The HSC-SL formulation showed a sustained release compared to hispolon liposomes (H-SLs) and Hispolon-SBEβCD liposomes (H-CD-SLs). The anticancer activity on melanoma cell lines (B16BL6) of HSC and HSC-SL was higher than in H-CD-SL and hispolon solution. These findings suggest that HSC inclusion in the HSC-SL liposomes stands out as a potential formulation approach for enhancing drug loading, encapsulation, and chemotherapeutic efficiency of hispolon and similar water insoluble drug molecules.     

Development and certification of the MAΓEOC calibration block for magnetic properties of a pipeline with local heterogeneities

Some general features of metrological supplementation for techniques and means of nondestructive testing of materials and articles are discussed. In particular, the CO MAГEOC calibration block for magnetic properties of a pipeline with local inhomogeneities that was developed and certified at CПEKTP, in cooperation with the Ural Research Institute of Metrology (ФГУП УНИИМ), is considered.     

Platynosomum fastosum in ex-captive orangutans from Indonesia

The liver fluke Platynosomum fastosum was identified upon necropsy of three ex-captive orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) which had been part of a rehabilitation program for reintroduction to the wild. This trematode has not been reported in orangutans previously and is commonly found in cats in Southeast Asia. Cross infection from cats via intermediate hosts, to orangutans kept in captivity as pets, could explain their presence in the latter. Although P. fastosum caused intrahepatic and bile duct damage, death of the hosts could not be attributed solely to the presence of the liver fluke infection.     

Accuracy of digital measurement of dynamic magnetic characteristics of soft-magnetic materials

The errors of measurements of dynamic magnetic characteristics of soft-magnetic materials due to sampling in time and signal-level quantization during analog-digital conversion are analyzed considering the effect of the computing algorithm for sinusoidal signals.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika No. 7, pp. 40–43, July, 1993.     

Accuracy of algorithms for calculating active power in a circuit with polyharmonic effects

The effect of voltage and current spectra on the accuracy of the algorithm used to calculate active power in an electric circuit in which the oscillation period is not a multiple of the sampling interval is analyzed. Expressions are derived for estimating the error of two power calculation algorithms. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 38–42, July, 1995.     

Determining charged particle energy losses with the aid of transmutation isotopes

A new method is proposed for determining the energy losses of charged particles in solids, which is based on the comparison of profiles of the transmutation isotopes measured in the samples irradiated by particles of various energies.     

A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Quinone Derivatives: Ru(II)‐ or Ir(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Phenols and Methoxyarenes

Hydroquinone and methoxybenzene derivatives were catalytically oxidized promptly to the corresponding quinones in up to 99% yield. With a catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, a maximum TON of 8.4×10³ was attained in the case of Ru(II)‐complex. Ru(II)(pybox‐dh)(pydic) is able to enhance the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of substituted hydroquinones as well as methoxybenzenes, but Ir[(coe)₂Cl]₂ and Ir[(cod)Cl]₂ were found to be effective catalysts only for the former substrates under similar oxidation conditions.