New approach for robust multi-objective optimization of turning parameters using probabilistic genetic algorithm

Limited by techniques, the process of remanufacturing exists masses of uncertainties which have a great impact on the remanufactured parts quality, how to achieve a higher quality of mechanical products by using limited remanufactured parts precision, has become one of the key issues of remanufacturing industry. Firstly, with a target to reduce uncertainties and improve the quality of automatic products, a method of tolerance grading allocation for remanufactured parts is proposed based on the uncertainty analysis of the remanufacturing assembly. The dimensional tolerances of the mechanical parts are divided into positive and negative two groups. We use selective assembly method to reduce assembling deviation. Then, the method is proven by mathematical formulas that the remanufactured parts variance can be expanded to two times, and the tolerances can be liberalized 40 % through tolerance grading allocation method. It is also the theoretical basis for improving the reuse radio and quantitatively describing the tolerance liberalization in this paper. Finally, feasibility research on this method is studied from the angle of cost–benefit. Furthermore, a tolerance grading allocation example of remanufactured engine piston assembly in a power corporation shows the validity and practicality of the proposed method.     

Gangliosides in Podocyte Biology and Disease

Gangliosides constitute a subgroup of glycosphingolipids characterized by the presence of sialic acid residues in their structure. As constituents of cellular membranes, in particular of raft microdomains, they exert multiple functions, some of them capital in cell homeostasis. Their presence in cells is tightly regulated by a balanced expression and function of the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis, ganglioside synthases, and their degradation, glycosidases. The dysregulation of their abundance results in rare and common diseases. In this review, we make a point on the relevance of gangliosides and some of their metabolic precursors, such as ceramides, in the function of podocytes, the main cellular component of the glomerular filtration barrier, as well as their implications in podocytopathies. The results presented in this review suggest the pertinence of clinical lipidomic studies targeting these metabolites.     

Phytic acid and Fe and Zn concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds is influenced by temperature during seed filling period

Phytic acid (PA), found in cereal and legume staple foods, is considered an antinutrient for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Amongst numerous factors, temperature has a substantial effect on PA synthesis in seeds of legumes. PA, Fe, and Zn concentrations were determined for mature seeds of eleven lentil genotypes grown under simulated long term temperature regimes representative of Saskatoon, Canada (decreasing temperatures) and Lucknow, India (increasing temperatures). PA and Zn concentrations in lentil seeds were significantly higher in the rising temperature regime (8.8 mg/g and 69 mg/kg, respectively) than in the decreasing temperature regime (6.7 mg/g and 61 mg/kg, respectively). Fe concentrations followed the same trend (116 vs. 113 mg/kg). The cooler temperatures of temperate summers might be an important factor in the production of seeds with lower PA concentrations. These results are relevant to the development of biofortification strategies aimed at lowering the PA content in staple crops.     

Prospects of using air heat pumps for supplying heat to residential buildings under different climatic conditions

Specific features connected with using air heat pumps under the conditions of cold climate are considered. Ways for achieving more efficient operation of these pumps are shown. Results from technical-economic studies on analyzing the prospects of using air heat pumps for supplying heat to low-rise buildings in different regions of Russia in comparison with alternative solutions are presented.     

反应硼化烧结WCoB基金属陶瓷的组织与性能

采用单质钨粉、钴粉和硼粉结合反应硼化烧结法制备了WCoB基金属陶瓷,研究了WCoB基金属陶瓷在烧结过程中的物相转变和尺寸变化,烧结温度对其力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果发现:随着烧结温度的升高,材料物相逐渐由单质相变为二元硼化物相和三元硼化物相,并且材料的尺寸先发生细微收缩,再在硼化反应过程中逐渐增加,最后在液相烧结过程中逐渐减小;随着烧结温度的升高,WCoB基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度先增加后减小,在1420℃达到最大,分别为1470 MPa和84.6HRA,显著提高了WCoB基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度。     

Profiles of the concentrations of components along the column height at different liquid holdup distributions in distillation of binary and ternary mixtures

The distribution of components along the distillation column height in distillation of binary and ternary mixtures is studied at different profiles of liquid holdup in the system. It is shown that physical modeling of continuous and batch distillation at infinite reflux ratio without taking into account the liquid holdup distribution may be inadequate to the real process. Equations for the curvilinear equilibrium line are proposed, which relate the number of transfer units, the number of theoretical separation stages, and the component concentration.Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005, pp. 3–6.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lotkhov, Dilman, Lipatova, Kvashnin, Kulov.