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1.
Open dumping site in Asian developing countries: a potential source of polychlorinated dibenz-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nguyen HM Tu BM Watanabe M Kunisue T Monirith I Tanabe S Sakai S Subramanian A Sasikumar K Pham HV Bui CT Tana TS Prudente MS 《Environmental science & technology》2003,37(8):1493-1502
Open landfill dumping areas for municipal wastes in Asian developing countries have recently received particular attention with regard to environmental pollution problems. Because of the uncontrolled burning of solid wastes, elevated contamination by various toxic chemicals including dioxins and related compounds in these dumping sites has been anticipated. In this study, concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in soils from dumping sites in the Philippines, Cambodia, India, and Vietnam. Residue concentrations of PCDD/Fs and coplanar PCBs in dumping site soils were apparently greater than those in soils collected in agricultural or urban areas far from dumping sites, suggesting that dumping sites are potential sources of PCDD/Fs and related compounds. Observed PCDD/F concentrations in soils from dumping sites in the Philippines and Cambodia were comparable or higher than those reported for dioxin-contaminated locations in the world (e.g., near the municipal waste incinerators and open landfill dumping sites). Homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in dumping site soils from the Philippines and, to a lesser extent, from Cambodia and India reflected patterns of samples representing typical emissions, while profiles of agricultural or urban soils were similar to those of typical environmental sinks. This result suggests recent formation of PCDD/Fs in dumping site areas and that open dumping sites are a potential source of dioxins in Asian developing countries. Uncontrolled combustions of solid wastes by waste pickers, generation of methane gas, and low-temperature burning can be major factors for the formation of dioxins in dumping sites. Elevated fluxes of PCDD/Fs to soils in dumping sites were encountered in the Philippines, Cambodia, India, and Vietnam-Hanoi, and these levels were higher than those reported for other countries. Considerable loading rates of PCDD/Fs in the dumping sites of these countries were observed, ranging from 20 to 3900 mg/yr (0.12-35 mg TEQ/yr). PCDD/F concentrations in some soil samples from the Philippines, Cambodia, India, and Vietnam-Hanoi exceeded environmental guideline values, suggesting potential health effects on humans and wildlife living near these dumping sites. The estimated intakes of dioxins via soil ingestion and dermal exposure for children were higher than those for adults, suggesting greater risk of dioxin exposure for children in dumping sites. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on PCDD/Fs contamination in open dumping sites of Asian developing countries. On the basis of the result of this study, we have addressed a new environmental issue that open dumping sites are potential sources of PCDD/Fs and related compounds, and dioxin contamination in dumping sites may become a key environmental problem in developing countries. 相似文献
2.
Jun Wang Cheuk Tang Mario G. Ferruzzi Bing Gong Brian J. Song Elsa M. Janle Tzu‐Ying Chen Bruce Cooper Merina Varghese Alice Cheng Daniel Freire Amanda Bilski Jessica Roman Tuyen Nguyen Lap Ho Stephen T. Talcott James E. Simon Qingli Wu Giulio M. Pasinetti 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2013,57(12):2091-2102
3.
Sanaz Paran Tuyen Vu Fernand Diaz Chris S. Edrington Touria El-Mezyani 《电力部件与系统》2019,47(16-17):1437-1449
AbstractPower scheduling of distributed storage devices and renewable energy resources in microgrids is crucial for their reliable and optimal operation. Conventionally, the power scheduling problem is solved with a centralized energy management control, which has access to all the information from the overall system. This type of control has limitations related to computational burden, communication latencies, and missing information. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to propose a distributed energy management strategy, to reduce the operational cost of microgrids, and to enhance the computation time. The strategy is formulated based on the model predictive control method since it allows the control action in the current time-step to be optimized while taking into account the future time-steps. Outputs of the energy management system are the optimal power references generated for all energy resources based on the system’s demand, constraints, and objective functions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the distributed model predictive control, the proposed algorithm is validated through simulation, on a microgrid candidate via MATLAB/Simulink, and controller hardware-in-the-loop experiment on a LabVIEW platform using National Instruments control devices (myRIO). The results will show the computation time in the distributed IEM method is improved compared to centralized IEM. Additionally, the results will show the robustness of the distributed IEM in the plug and play scenario. 相似文献
4.
Yeargan Jerry R. Day Ray L. Nguyen Tuyen V. 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》1987,(3):399-405
Experimental measurements were conducted on a typical high-speed logic gate (AS04) driving a similar gate(s) as a load(s) and connected via a printed circuit board transmission line. This simple system was used to investigate waveform characteristics. The results show that rise and fall times are a function of position and are linearly dependent on fanout. The gate and line parameters are estimated from these measurements using both lumped and distributed models of the loads. 相似文献
5.
The feasibility of a direct internal reforming (DIR) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) running on wet palm‐biodiesel fuel (BDF) was demonstrated. Simultaneous production of H2‐rich syngas and electricity from BDF could be achieved. A power density of 0.32 W cm?2 was obtained at 0.4 A cm?2 and 800 °C under steam to carbon ratio of 3.5. Subsequent durability testing revealed that a DIR‐SOFC running on wet palm‐BDF exhibited a stable voltage of around 0.8 V at 0.2 A cm?2 for more than 1 month with a degradation rate of approximately 15 % / 1000 h. The main cause of the degradation was an increase in the ohmic resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Gac fruit aril has an attractive orange red colour and very high level of carotenoids, giving it exceptional antioxidant properties. However, spray drying of this material has not been successful and malto dextrin is considered as a suitable drying aid to preserve its colour and antioxidant properties. This paper reports the effects of inlet drying air temperature (120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 °C) and maltodextrin addition (10%, 20% and 30%) on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the Gac aril powder. Moisture content and bulk density, colour characteristics, total carotenoid content (TCC), encapsulation efficiency and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were significantly affected by maltodextrin concentration and the inlet air temperatures. However, pH, aw and water solubility index were not significantly influenced by the spray drying conditions. Overall, a good quality Gac powder in terms of colour, TCC and TAA can be produced by spray-drying at inlet temperature of 120 °C and adding maltodextrin concentration at 10% w/v. 相似文献
7.
Arunkumar Pitchaimani Tuyen Duong Thanh Nguyen Ramesh Marasini Achini Eliyapura Tahmineh Azizi Majid Jaberi‐Douraki Santosh Aryal 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(4)
In the present study, a biomimetic nanoconstruct (BNc) with a multimodal imaging system is engineered using tumor homing natural killer cell membrane (NKM), near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, and gadolinium (Gd) conjugate‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent onto the surface of a polymeric nanoparticle. The engineered BNc is 110 ± 20 nm in size and showed successful retention of NKM proteins. The magnetic properties of the BNc are found to be tunable from 2.1 ± 0.17 to 5.3 ± 0.5 mm ?1 s?1 under 14.1 T, by adjusting the concentration of Gd‐lipid conjugate onto the surface of the BNc. Confocal imaging and cell sorting analysis reveal a distinguishable cellular interaction of the BNc with MCF‐7 cells in comparison to that of bare polymeric nanoparticles suggesting the tumor homing properties of NKM camouflage system. The in vitro cellular interaction results are further confirmed by in vivo NIR fluorescent tumor imaging and ex vivo MR imaging, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution analysis of the BNc show longer circulation half‐life (≈9.5 h) and higher tumor accumulation (10% of injected dose) in MCF‐7 induced tumor‐bearing immunodeficient NU/NU nude mice. Owing to the proven immunosurveillance potential of NK‐cell in the field of immunotherapy, the BNc engineered herein would hold promises in the design consideration of nanomedicine engineering. 相似文献
8.
Enhancement of the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells,LEDs, and Optical Amplifiers by Anti‐Solvent Additive Deposition
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9.
Foamability and foam stability of dairy-based emulsions, as a function of emulsion droplet size ranging from micron- to nanometre-scale, were investigated. Fat phase (10 % w/w of anhydrous milk fat, stearin or olein fraction) was mixed with 2 % w/w protein solution (sodium caseinate or whey protein concentrate) and homogenised at 3, 10 and 35 MPa to obtain emulsions having particle sizes of about 1.20, 0.60 and 0.20 μm, respectively. The emulsions were cooled down and aged at 4 °C for 48 h to promote crystallisation. No fat coalescence was observed in any of the emulsions, as particle size distribution remained the same upon aging and whipping. It was shown that the smaller the particle size, the higher was the apparent viscosity and the lower was the solid fat content. Higher solid fat content tended to yield better foamability and foam stability. Destabilisation of air cells happened fastest with nanosized fat particles, resulting in shorter half-life of foam. 相似文献
10.
Nguyen My Tuyen T. Seo Nari Kim Yong-Ki Jung Ji A. An Hyun Joo Kim Jung-Min Song Young-Ha Kim Jaehan Yoon Jong-Won 《Food science and biotechnology》2022,31(13):1661-1666
Food Science and Biotechnology - Despite health benefits reported recently, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) concentration in maternal milk was not conclusively reported because it varies... 相似文献