Gornotaezhnoe geophysical system

A geophysical system has been built on the territory of the Ussuriisk astrophysical observatory of the Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. It includes a laser deformograph intended to detect variations of deformations of the Earth’s crust with an accuracy of 0.3 nm in a frequency range of 0–1000 Hz and GPS millimeter-accuracy stations.     

Design principles for elastic elements of vibrational supports

A three-dimensional system performing oscillations according to the conical-pendulum law is considered. A means of calculating elastic elements that will ensure stable oscillations of the system is proposed.     

Deformation behavior of a niobium single crystal upon loading by spherically converging shock waves

Methods of X-ray diffraction, optical metallography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and microhardness measurements have been used for a layer-by-layer examination of the structure of a niobium single crystal after loading by spherically converging shock waves. It has been found that after loading the sample acquires a polycrystalline structure in the most part of its volume. It has been revealed that the basic mechanisms of high-strain-rate plastic deformation of the niobium single crystal are slip and the formation of a vortex structure through the development of deformation localization bands and the simultaneous formation and expansion of an internal cavity. The method of loading used in the study does not lead to the formation of adiabatic shear bands in niobium single crystals.     

Refractory clays of Stepnyi deposit

Conclusions The investigated sample of Stepnyi deposit clay is suitable for production of type ShA normal-purpose chamotte parts. The use of this clay in the production of certain forms of chamotte parts such as bottom teeming, open hearth, and other parts is possible. Being quite plastic, such clays may serve as a binder refractory raw material and be used for production of more critical parts in combination with chamotte from more refractory clays (bauxite and others). Chamotte of Stepnyi deposit clay may be used in combination with enriched Eltai kaolin. This in full measure refers to Stepnyi deposit clays of the better grades corresponding to types VGO-1 and VGM. Taking into consideration the low content of the coloring oxides, Stepnyi deposit clays may also be used as a white-firing raw material in the production of various ceramics.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 24–26, April, 1993.     

Ba2.1Bi0.9(O, F)6.8−δ: A new ordered anion-excess fluorite

The anion-excess ordered fluorite-related phase Ba_2.1Bi_0.9(O, F)_6.8−δ has been synthesized by a solid state reaction of BaF₂, BiF₃ and Bi₂O₃ at 873 K with subsequent short annealing at 573 K. The crystal structure of the new phase has been solved using electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction (a = 9.5372(1) Å, c = 18.1623(3) Å, space group I4/m, R_I = 0.025, R_P = 0.029). Interstitial anions in the fluorite-based structure are considered to form isolated cuboctahedral 8:12:0 clusters. The structural relationship between the oxyfluoride phase Ba_2.1Bi_0.9(O, F)_6.8−δ and similar rare-earth-based fluorides is discussed.     

Assignment of safety criteria to the stability of earthen slopes of retaining structures

The problem of determining criterial values of K1 and K2 is examined for the enclosing dike of an intake channel as a function of the position of the depression curve and a seismic effect. The requirements of regulatory documents are analyzed. Suggestions are made for determination of the criterial value of K2 with respect to the slope stability of artificial embankments.     

Deformation and Thermal Processes That Occur during the High-Speed Collapse of a Bulky Copper Cylindrical Shell

A bulky copper cylindrical shell with an internal diameter of 118 mm and a wall thickness of 5.9 mm has been exposed to an explosion of a cylindrical explosive charge uniformly distributed around it. A cylinder with a diameter of 57–58 mm has been obtained as a result of high-speed deformation caused by the explosion. A metallographic analysis of the cylinder structure shows that the shell collapses under the influence of axially symmetric radial deformation, which is accomplished by both twinning and sliding mechanisms. It is determined that axial deformation occurs along with the radial deformation. The microstructure of the cross-section consists of three zones. A wide annular deformation zone is formed on the outside, an annular recrystallization zone is formed closer to the center, and a circular region with a dendritic structure is formed at the center. The presence of dendrites indicates that the temperature at the boundary of this region reaches the melting point of copper. The temperature change along the radius of the cylinder has been calculated.     

Mobile laser meter of hydrosphere pressure variations

A device for measuring hydrosphere pressure variations at depths of down to 1000 m in the frequency range of 0–1000 Hz with an accuracy of 10–30 mPa is described.     

New bottom-injection configurations for converters with a hybrid gas supply

Configurations for bottom injection in a converter are considered. The proposed configurations are employed in industrial tests.