Characteristics of tiger nut milk: effects of milling

A standard method for the extraction of tiger nut milk has been introduced. It has been shown that, although milling duration improves the yield of tiger nut milk solids and its nutrient composition, there is a quantifiable loss of nutrient in the pressing residue during milk extraction. Milling duration improved the colloidal stability of the milk against creaming during 16 h of storage. A higher milling intensity resulted in the aggregation of biological polymers which resulted in colloidal destabilisation. Milling improved the lightness and stability and reduced browning rate of the tiger nut milk during storage. This report is important for the production of tiger nut milk of consistent and comparable characteristics. Milling has been introduced as a processing method for the qualitative and quantitative modulation of the properties of tiger nut milk. It is recommended to develop further strategies to improve the colloidal stability of tiger nut milk as a beverage.     

Combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nonlinear methods to analyze the copolymerization of phosphonic acid derivatives

We demonstrate in this study that the combination of modern inline monitoring methods [here: inline nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] with simulations gains more exact and profound kinetic results than previously used methods like linearization without that combination. The ¹H-NMR spectroscopic data (more than 100 data points) are used to construct the copolymerization diagram. The reactivity ratios are obtained applying the van Herks nonlinear least square method. The examination of the radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with (2-{[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]oxy}ethyl) phosphonic acid (ECPPA) as important adhesive monomer used in dentistry yields reactivity ratios of r_HEMA = 1.83; r_ECPPA = 0.42. The copolymerization diagram reflects nonideal, non-azeotropic copolymerization. The sequence distribution of the obtained by Monte Carlo simulation indicates the generation of statistical copolymers. As an important finding, it is demonstrated that the repeating units responsible for etching and adhesion are arranged over the whole polymer chain, which is necessary to achieve proper functionality. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48256.     

ENHANCING THE CREATIVITY OF REENGINEERING Techniques for Making IS More Creative

Industries in the US continue to lose ground in international competition. If IS is to help change that trend, it will have to become more creative. Creativity improvement programs are being introduced in other areas of the company— now is the time for IS organizations to follow suit.     

Differential effects of cue changes and task changes on task-set selection costs.

A task-switching paradigm with a 2:1 mapping between cues and tasks was used to separate cue-switching processes (indexed through pure cue-switch costs) from actual task-switching processes (indexed through additional costs in case of cue and task changes). A large portion of total switch costs was due to cue changes (Experiments 1 and 2), and cue-switch costs but not task-switch costs were sensitive to effects of practice (Experiment 1) and preparation (Experiment 2). In contrast, task-switch costs were particularly sensitive to response-priming effects (Experiments 1 and 2) and task-set inhibition (Experiment 3). Results suggest two processing stages relevant during task-set selection: cue-driven retrieval of task rules from long-term memory and the automatic application of rules to a particular stimulus situation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

In vitro cytotoxicity and DNA damage production in Chinese hamster ovary cells and topoisomerase II inhibition by 2-[2''-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1, 2-dihydro-3H-dibenz[de,h]isoquinoline-1,3-diones with substitutions at the 6 and 7 positions (azonafides)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a phosphoprotein which when overexpressed can induce growth arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, promote differentiation and apoptosis. This paper demonstrates that p53 can associate with trk tyrosine kinase. Expression of a murine temperature-sensitive (ts) p53 mutant in PC12 cells overexpressing trk (a model system to analyse cellular differentiation and signal transduction induced by NGF) induces morphological changes in the absence of NGF stimulation at 32 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. In cells differentiated by p53, trk, but not EGFr, was hyperphosphorylated on tyrosine. Furthermore trk was not phosphorylated when expressed in Saos-2 cells (human osteosarcoma cells that lack expression of both endogenous trk and p53) at either temperature. However, transfection of ts p53 into these cells induces trk phosphorylation at 32 degrees C in the absence of NGF stimulation. Association of trk and p53 can be detected in NIH3T3 and PC12 cells co-expressing trk and the ts p53 mutant, in NIH3T3 and PC12 cells transfected with trk alone, and in untransfected PC12 cells, showing that overexpressed and/or endogenous trk associates with endogenous, low levels of p53. These data suggest a novel function for p53 which involves the stimulation of signal transduction pathways (mediating morphological properties of cells), possibly through association with and hyperphosphorylation of trk.     

Codierte Modulation in modernen Übertragungssystemen

Modern communication systems offer high speed and reliable data transmission services. The quality of these services is achieved by combining coded multi-level modulation techniques and modern digital signal processing (Viterbi-decoding) in the receiver. In this paper we first present an introduction to Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) and then some new results on unversal techniques adapted for the AWGN-channel as well as for the fading channel. It is shown that TCM is well suited for communication channels with time variant characteristics (e.g. mobile communication channels), especially when our new codes are applied.     

Video tape manufacture by high vacuum evaporation—aspects of machine technology

The next generation of video tapes will use evaporated thin films with their superior properties such as recording density, output level, frequency characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio. This paper describes the metal layer formation by a simple model for the growth of microcolumns at oblique incidence deposition. The most relevant process parameters are discussed. The layout of a production coater is described.     

Association of high plasma antioxidant capacity with new lesion formation in carotid atherosclerosis: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: In atherosclerosis, both reductions and elevations in plasma levels of antioxidants have been reported. This study investigated total antioxidant capacity of plasma from subjects with atherosclerotic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 48 men with or without carotid atherosclerosis. At baseline (1990) carotid arteries were evaluated by duplex sonography and plasma samples were obtained for testing antioxidant capacity by two different test systems. One assay system used neutrophils from healthy volunteers as a source of oxygen free radicals activating the non-fluorescent dichlorofluorescin diacetate in the presence of antioxidant containing plasma from study subjects. In the other test system, total plasma antioxidants were detected colorimetrically by using 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate), metmyoglobin and superoxide in the presence of plasma. Carotid arteries were re-evaluated for the development of new plaques 5 years later (1995). RESULTS: Increased baseline total antioxidant capacity of plasma was significantly associated with the development of new atherosclerotic lesions during a period of 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous antioxidant capacity of plasma is increased in patients with active atherosclerotic disease. As scavenging of oxygen free radicals is thought to protect from atherogenesis, elevated antioxidative capacity may represent an adaptive mechanism.     

Plasma-Assisted Nitriding of Aluminum-Alloy Parts

Plasma-assisted nitriding of aluminum alloys promises to become a suitable alternative to variants of thermochemical treatment used for raising the wear resistance of these materials especially from the standpoint of the environmental effect. Process performed in vacuum with the use of nitrogen and an argon-hydrogen mixture as the process gas provides for the formation of a layer of compounds (aluminum nitrides) with enhanced hardness on various aluminum alloys. However, until the present the process has been used only at the laboratory scale. No data can be found in the literature, for example, on the effect of the batch size on the uniformity of the thickness of the nitrided layer or on the wear resistance of parts from aluminum alloys. The present work is a study of plasma-assisted nitriding of commercially produced parts (pistons) fabricated from an aluminum alloy. The parameters of the process are chosen after the determining optimum conditions for preliminary sputtering treatment. Special attention is devoted to provision of temperature uniformity within a batch and the possibility of improving the surface quality by increasing the thickness of the compound layer. The topography of the surface and the thickness, chemical composition, and hardness of the compound layer are studied by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), metallography, and measurement of ultramicrohardness. The performance characteristics of untreated, nitrided, and anodized pistons are evaluated with the help of vibration wear tests with a rider fabricated from a standard material. The results of the tests show that the wear resistance of some nitrided pistons is comparable to that of anodized parts.